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The topics in this section provide overview information about the different types of centralized policies, the components
of centralized policies, and how to configure centralized policies using Cisco SD-WAN Manager or the CLI.
Overview of Centralized Policies
Centralized policies refer to policies that are provisioned on Cisco SD-WAN Controllers, which are the centralized controllers in the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN overlay network.
Types of Centralized Policies
Centralized Control Policy
Centralized control policy applies to the network-wide routing of traffic by affecting the information that is stored in
the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller's route table and that is advertised to the Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices. The effects of centralized control policy are seen in how Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices direct the overlay network's data traffic to its destination.
Note
The centralized control policy configuration itself remains on the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller and is never pushed to local devices.
Centralized Data Policy
Centralized data policy applies to the flow of data traffic throughout the VPNs in the overlay network. These policies can
permit and restrict access based either on a 6-tuple match (source and destination IP addresses and ports, DSCP fields, and
protocol) or on VPN membership. These policies are pushed to the selected Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices.
Centralized Data Policy Based on Packet Header Fields
Policy decisions affecting data traffic can be based on the packet header fields, specifically, on the source and destination
IP prefixes, the source and destination IP ports, the protocol, and the DSCP.
This type of policy is often used to modify traffic flow in the network. Here are some examples of the types of control that
can be effected with a centralized data policy:
Which set of sources are allowed to send traffic to any destination outside the local site. For example, local sources that
are rejected by such a data policy can communicate only with hosts on the local network.
Which set of sources are allowed to send traffic to a specific set of destinations outside the local site. For example, local
sources that match this type of data policy can send voice traffic over one path and data traffic over another.
Which source addresses and source ports are allowed to send traffic to any destination outside the local site or to a specific
port at a specific destination.
Configure Centralized Policies Using Cisco SD-WAN Manager
To configure a centralized policy, use the Cisco SD-WAN Manager policy configuration wizard. The wizard consists of the following operations that guide you through the process of creating
and editing policy components:
Create Groups of Interest: Create lists that group together related items and that you call in the match or action components
of a policy.
Configure Topology and VPN Membership: Create the network structure to which the policy applies.
Configure Traffic Rules: Create the match and action conditions of a policy.
Apply Policies to Sites and VPNs: Associate the policy with sites and VPNs in the overlay network.
Activate the centralized policy.
For a centralized policy to take effect, you must activate the policy.
To configure centralized policies using Cisco SD-WAN Manager, use the steps identified in the procedures that follow this section.
Start the Policy Configuration Wizard
To start the policy configuration wizard:
From the Cisco SD-WAN Manager menu, choose Configuration > Policies.
Click Centralized Policy.
Click Add Policy.
The policy configuration wizard appears, and the Create Groups of Interest window is displayed.
Configure Groups of Interest for Centralized Policy
In Create Groups of Interest, create new groups of list types as described in the following sections to use in a centralized policy:
Configure Application
In the groups of interest list, click Application list type.
Click New Application List.
Enter a name for the list.
Choose either Application or Application Family.
Application can be the names of one or more applications, such as Third Party Control, ABC News, Mircosoft Teams, and so on. The Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices support about 2300 different applications. To list the supported applications, use the ? in the CLI.
Application Family can be one or more of the following: antivirus, application-service, audio_video, authentication, behavioral, compression, database, encrypted, erp, file-server, file-transfer, forum, game, instant-messaging, mail, microsoft-office, middleware, network-management, network-service, peer-to-peer, printer, routing, security-service, standard, telephony, terminal, thin-client, tunneling, wap, web, and webmail.
In the Select drop-down, in the 'Search' filter, select the required applications or application families.
Click Add.
A few application lists are preconfigured. You cannot edit or delete these lists.
Microsoft_Apps—Includes Microsoft applications, such as Excel, Skype, and Xbox. To display a full list of Microsoft applications,
click the list in the Entries column.
Google_Apps—Includes Google applications, such as Gmail, Google maps, and YouTube. To display a full list of Google applications,
click the list in the Entries column.
Configure Color
In the groups of interest list, click Color.
Click New Color List.
Enter a name for the list.
In the Select Color drop-down, in the 'Search' filter select the required colors.
Colors can be: 3g, biz-internet, blue, bronze, custom1 through custom3, default, gold, green, lte, metro-ethernet, mpls, private1
through private6, public-internet, red, and silver.
Click Add.
To configure multiple colors in a single list, you can select multiple colors from the drop-down.
Configure Community
Table 1. Feature History
Feature Name
Release Information
Description
Ability to Match and Set Communities
Cisco SD-WAN Release 20.5.1
Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Release 17.5.1a
Cisco vManage Release 20.5.1
This feature lets you match and set communities using a control policy. Control policies are defined and applied on Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN device devices to manipulate communities.
With this feature, you can match and assign single or multiple BGP community tags to your prefixes based on which routing
policies can be manipulated.
A community list is used to create groups of communities to use in a match clause of a route map. A community list can be
used to control which routes are accepted, preferred, distributed, or advertised. You can also use a community list to set,
append, or modify the communities of a route.
In the group of interest list, click Community.
Click New Community List.
Enter a name for the community list.
Choose either Standard or Expanded.
Standard community lists are used to specify communities and community numbers.
Expanded community lists are used to filter communities using a regular expression. Regular expressions are used to specify
patterns to match community attributes.
In the Add Community field, enter one or more data prefixes separated by commas in any of the following formats:
aa:nn: Autonomous System (AS) number and network number. Each number is a 2-byte value with a range from 1 to 65535.
internet: Routes in this community are advertised to the internet community. This community comprises all BGP-speaking networking
devices.
local-as: Routes in this community are not advertised outside the local AS number.
no-advertise: Attaches the NO_ADVERTISE community to routes. Routes in this community are not advertised to other BGP peers.
no-export: Attaches the NO_EXPORT community to routes. Routes in this community are not advertised outside the local AS or outside
a BGP confederation boundary. To configure multiple BGP communities in a single list, include multiple community options, specifying one community in each option.
Click Add.
Configure Data Prefix
In the Groups of Interest list, click Data Prefix.
Click New Data Prefix List.
Enter a name for the list.
Choose either IPv4 or IPv6.
In the Add Data Prefix field, enter one or more data prefixes separated by commas.
Click Add.
Configure Policer
In the groups of interest list, click Policer.
Click New Policer List.
Enter a name for the list.
Define the policing parameters:
In the Burst field, enter the maximum traffic burst size, a value from 15,000 to 10,000,000 bytes.
In the Exceed field, select the action to take when the burst size or traffic rate is exceeded. It can be drop, which sets the packet loss priority (PLP) to low.
You can use the remark action to set the packet loss priority (PLP) to high.
In the Rate field, enter the maximum traffic rate, a value from 0 through 264 – 1 bits per second (bps).
Click Add.
Note
For ACL or data policy, even if the same policer object is used in different sequences, each sequence is policed separately.
For example, consider that policer rate is 1000000 or 1Mb. If the same policer is set for multiple sequences then each sequence
polices 1Mb traffic. If there are different policers configured for difference sequences, then each policer polices traffic
based on the respective policing rate.
Configure Prefix
In the groups of interest list, click Prefix.
Click New Prefix List.
Enter a name for the list.
In the Add Prefix field, enter one or more data prefixes separated by commas.
Click Add.
Configure Site
In the groups of interest list, click Site.
Click New Site List.
Enter a name for the list.
In the Add Site field, enter one or more site IDs separated by commas.
For example, 100 or 200 separated by commas or in the range, 1- 4294967295.
Click Add.
Configure App Probe Class
In the groups of interest list, click App Probe Class.
Click New App Probe Class.
Enter the probe class name in the Probe Class Name field.
Select the required forwarding class from the Forwarding Class drop-down list.
In the Entries pane, select the appropriate color from the Color drop-down list and enter the DSCP value.
You can add more entries if needed by clicking on the + symbol.
Click Save.
Configure SLA Class
In the groups of interest list, click SLA Class.
Click New SLA Class List.
Enter a name for the list.
Define the SLA class parameters:
In the Loss field, enter the maximum packet loss on the connection, a value from 0 through 100 percent.
In the Latency field, enter the maximum packet latency on the connection, a value from 0 through 1,000 milliseconds.
In the Jitter field, enter the maximum jitter on the connection, a value from 1 through 1,000 milliseconds.
Select the required app probe class from the App Probe Class drop-down list.
(Optional) Select the Fallback Best Tunnel checkbox to enable the best tunnel criteria.
This optional filed is available from Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Release 17.5.1a to pick the best path or color from the available colors when SLA is not met. When this option is selected, you can choose
the required criteria from the drop-down. The criteria are a combination of one or more of losses, latency, and, jitter values.
Select the Criteria from the drop-down list. The available criteria are:
Latency
Loss
Jitter
Latency, Loss
Latency, Jitter
Loss, Latency
Loss, Jitter
Jitter, Latency
Jitter, Loss
Latency, Loss, Jitter
Latency, Jitter, Loss
Loss, Latency, Jitter
Loss, Jitter, Latency
Jitter, Latency, Loss
Jitter, Loss, Latency
Enter the Loss Variance (%), Latency Variance (ms), and the Jitter Variance (ms) for the selected criteria.
Click Add.
Configure TLOC
In the groups of interest list, click TLOC.
Click New TLOC List. The TLOC List popup displays.
Enter a name for the list.
In the TLOC IP field, enter the system IP address for the TLOC.
In the Color field, select the TLOC's color.
In the Encap field, select the encapsulation type.
In the Preference field, optionally select a preference to associate with the TLOC.
The range is 0 to 4294967295.
Click Add TLOC to add another TLOC to the list.
Click Save.
Note
To use the set tloc and set tloc-list commands, you must use the set-vpn command.
For each TLOC, specify its address, color, and encapsulation. Optionally, set a preference value (from 0 to 232 – 1) to associate
with the TLOC address. When you apply a TLOC list in an action accept condition, when multiple TLOCs are available and satisfy
the match conditions, the TLOC with the highest preference value is used. If two or more TLOCs have the highest preference
value, traffic is sent among them in an ECMP fashion.
If IPsec preference is set on the local preferred color for an edge router, the local TLOC and the color does not overlap
with the centralized policy configured with local color preference. The edge router with local TLOC preference takes the precedence.
In this case, the preferred TLOC configured in centralized policy is not considered.
Configure VPN
In the groups of interest list, click VPN.
Click New VPN List.
Enter a name for the list.
In the Add VPN field, enter one or more VPN IDs separated by commas.
For example, 100 or 200 separated by commas or in the range, 1- 65530.
Click Add.
Configure Region
Minimum release: Cisco vManage Release 20.7.1
To configure a list of regions for Multi-Region Fabric (formerly Hierarchical SD-WAN), ensure that Multi-Region Fabric is
enabled in Administration > Settings.
In the groups of interest list, click Region.
Click New Region List.
In the Region List Name field, enter a name for the region list.
In the Add Region field, enter one or more regions, separated by commas, or enter a range.
For example, specify regions 1, 3 with commas, or a range 1-4.
Click Add.
Click Next to move to Configure Topology and VPN Membership in the wizard.
Configure Preferred Color Group
Table 2. Feature History
Feature Name
Release Information
Description
Tiered Transport Preference in Application-aware Routing and Data Policy
Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Release 17.9.1a
Cisco vManage Release 20.9.1
This feature adds support for ranking of Application Aware Routing (AAR) preferred and backup preferred colors. You can configure
up to three levels of priority based on the color or path preference on a Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN device.
You can configure the order of transport preference to choose the preference order for forwarding traffic.
The Preferred Color Group is supported only on overlay traffic but not on DIA traffic.
In the groups of interest list, click Preferred Color Group.
Click New Preferred Color Group.
In the Preferred Color Group Name field, enter a name for the preferred color group.
In the Primary Colors pane, do the following:
Choose the color preference from the Color Preference drop-down list.
Choose the path preference from the Path Preference drop-down list.
Field
Description
Preferred Color Group Name
Enter a name of the preferred color group.
Color Preference
Choose the color preference from the drop-down list. The options are:
default
3g
biz-internet
blue
bronze
custom1
custom2, and so on
You can select multiple colors.
Path Preference
Choose the path preference from the drop-down list. The options are:
Direct Path: Use only a direct path between the source and the destination devices.
Multi Hop Path: In a Multi-Region Fabric network, use a multi-hop path, which includes the core region, between the source and destination devices, even if a direct
path is available.
All Paths: Use any path between the source and destination devices.
Note
This option is equivalent to not configuring path preference at all. If you are applying the policy to a non-Multi-Region Fabric network, use this option.
In the Secondary Colors pane, do the following:
Choose the color preference in the Color Preference drop-down list.
Choose the path preference from the Path Preference drop-down list.
In the Tertiary Colors pane, do the following:
Choose the color preference from the Color Preference drop-down list.
Choose the path preference from the Path Preference drop-down list.
Click Add.
The following guidelines are helpful when configuring the ranking for colors:
Primary preference is mandatory, and at each priority level, at least one preference path or color is mandatory. Both can
also be configured.
More than one color can be configured as a preference.
If path preference is not configured, all paths are constrained by the preferred colors that are available.
If color preference is not configured within the constraint of the path preference, then all the colors are available.
The preferences apply in order of priority to determine the path or color for forwarding traffic.
When the primary, secondary, and tertiary colors are down, packets are not dropped. The traffic falls back to the usual routing
preference to choose if any other colors are up.
Integrating WAN Insight (WANI) into Cisco SD-WAN Manager
Table 3. Feature History
Feature Name
Release Information
Description
WAN Insight Policy Automation
Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Release 17.12.1a
Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager Release 20.12.1
With this feature, you can apply the recommendations that are available on Cisco SD-WAN Analytics toCisco SD-WAN Manager AAR policy and view the applied recommendations on Cisco SD-WAN Manager.
Cisco SD-WAN Analytics is a cloud-based analytics service for Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN offering comprehensive insights into application and network performance. The analytics service is available with Cisco DNA
Advantage and Cisco DNA Premier software subscriptions. Cisco SD-WAN Analytics collects and stores metadata about traffic flows in its cloud storage and produces analytics based on this collected data.
Predictive Path Analytics generates recommendations for path based on long term insights. These recommendations need to be
converted into policy created manually on Cisco SD-WAN Manager and then applied to the network.
The Predictive Path Recommendations feature allows you to apply active recommendations to the actionable centralized AAR policy
to influence the forwarding decisions in the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN network. The recommendations are applied as a part of the AAR policy and then pushed to Cisco SD-WAN Controller. The Predictive Path Recommendations are applied to the SD-WAN network as TLOC preferences in AAR policies.
When there are predictive path recommendations in Cisco SD-WAN Analytics, perform the following steps to apply the recommendations to the Application-Aware routing policies:
In the Cisco SD-WAN Manager menu, click the bell icon at the top-right corner. The Notifications pane is displayed with active alarms.
If there are any Active Recommendations in the Notifications pane, click on the site to view the recommendations. Alternatively, you can view from the Cisco SD-WAN Manager menu, click Analytics > Predictive Networks.
Click Active Recommendations, and then click Apply.
In the Apply Predictive Path Recommendations window, click Proceed to Apply to apply new recommendations.
You can review the applied recommendations in the Cisco SD-WAN Manager generated configs and push the recommendations to Cisco SD-WAN Controller.
Points to Consider
Cisco SD-WAN Manager pulls recommendations when you log in. If you want to update the recommendations, refresh the page or log in again.
Cisco SD-WAN Manager support recommendations for application lists which are associated with some AAR policy only. If AAR Policy does not exist
for a given application list, the recommendations are not valid and policy processing is not done.
WAN Insights generates recommendations for standard App Groups even when the AAR Policy is not defined. However, the policy
automation is not done since AAR policy is not defined.
When for the same site and application list, if WANI generates a terminate for a recommendation which is applied and also
generates another recommendation, the recommendations are applied based on the preferences.
Application of WANI recommendations for Cloud OnRamp for SaaS is not supported.
Predictive Path Recommendations
WAN Insights (WANI) allows you to track the performance of your current network setup and tune your policies and paths to
achieve the best user experience. Predictive path recommendations influence AAR policy TLOC preferences.
WAN Insights is a predictive network optimization tool that uses a statistical model to examine historical data from Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN, in order to find the best paths for application traffic. WANI analyzes the telemetry data exported during application traffic
flows, and then generates long-term recommendations for paths that would reduce the probability of experiencing an SLA violation
(for example, low-quality performance).
Predictive network associates some SLA with each application list that is defined in the AAR policy in order to detect SLA
violations for the applications. This is used to calculate a probability of SLA violation on a given site and TLOC and generates
recommendations.
When you first open the Configure Topology and VPN Membership window, the Topology window is displayed by default.
To configure topology and VPN membership:
Hub-and-Spoke
In the Add Topology drop-down, select Hub-and-Spoke.
Enter a name for the hub-and-spoke policy.
Enter a description for the policy.
In the VPN List field, select the VPN list for the policy.
In the left pane, click Add Hub-and-Spoke. A hub-and-spoke policy component containing the text string My Hub-and-Spoke is added in the left pane.
Double-click the My Hub-and-Spoke text string, and enter a name for the policy component
In the right pane, add hub sites to the network topology:
Click Add Hub Sites.
In the Site List field, select a site list for the policy component.
Click Add.
Repeat these steps to add more hub sites to the policy component.
In the right pane, add spoke sites to the network topology:
Click Add Spoke Sites.
In the Site List Field, select a site list for the policy component.
Click Add.
Repeat these steps to add more spoke sites to the policy component.
Repeat steps as needed to add more components to the hub-and-spoke policy.
Click Save Hub-and-Spoke Policy.
Mesh
In the Add Topology drop-down, select Mesh.
Enter a name for the mesh region policy component.
Enter a description for the mesh region policy component.
In the VPN List field, select the VPN list for the policy.
Click New Mesh Region.
In the Mesh Region Name field, enter a name for the individual mesh region.
In the Site List field, select one or more sites to include in the mesh region.
Click Add.
Repeat these steps to add more mesh regions to the policy.
Click Save Mesh Topology.
Custom Control (Route & TLOC): Centralized route control policy (for matching OMP routes)
In the Add Topology drop-down, select Custom Control (Route & TLOC).
Enter a name for the control policy.
Enter a description for the policy.
In the left pane, click Sequence Type. The Add Custom Control Policy popup displays.
Select Route. A policy component containing the text string Route is added in the left pane.
Double-click the Route text string, and enter a name for the policy component.
In the right pane, click Sequence Rule. The Match/Actions box opens, and Match is selected by default.
From the boxes under the Match box, select the desired policy match type. Then select or enter the value for that match condition. Configure additional
match conditions for the sequence rule, as desired.
Click Actions. The Reject option is selected by default. To configure actions to perform on accepted packets, click the Accept option. Then select the action or enter a value for the action.
Click Save Match and Actions.
Click Sequence Rule to configure more sequence rules, as desired. Drag and drop to re-order them.
Click Sequence Type to configure more sequences, as desired. Drag and drop to re-order them.
Click Save Control Policy.
Custom Control (Route & TLOC): Centralized TLOC control policy (for matching TLOC routes)
In the Add Topology drop-down, select Custom Control (Route & TLOC).
Enter a name for the control policy.
Enter a description for the policy.
In the left pane, click Sequence Type. The Add Custom Control Policy popup displays.
Select TLOC. A policy component containing the text string TLOC is added in the left pane.
Double-click the TLOC text string, and enter a name for the policy component.
In the right pane, click Sequence Rule. The Match/Actions box opens, and Match is selected by default.
From the boxes under the Match box, select the desired policy match type. Then select or enter the value for that match condition. Configure additional
match conditions for the sequence rule, as desired.
Click Actions. The Reject option is selected by default. To configure actions to perform on accepted packets, click the Accept option. Then select the action or enter a value for the action.
Click Save Match and Actions.
Click Sequence Rule to configure more sequence rules, as desired. Drag and drop to re-order them.
Click Sequence Type to configure more sequences, as desired. Drag and drop to re-order them.
Click Save Control Policy.
A centralized control policy contains sequences of match–action pairs. The sequences are numbered to set the order in which
a route or TLOC is analyzed by the match–action pairs in the policy.
Note
Sequence can have either match app-list or dns-app-list configured for a policy, but not both. Configuring both match app-list and dns-app-list for a policy is not supported.
NAT DIA fallback and DNS redirection are not supported at the same time in data policy.
Each sequence in a centralized control policy can contain one match condition (either for a route or for a TLOC) and one
action condition.
Note
The Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN policy supports maximum up to 1024 sequences, including default sequence.
Default Action
If a selected route or TLOC does not match any of the match conditions in a centralized control policy, a default action is
applied to it. By default, the route or TLOC is rejected.
If a selected data packet does not match any of the match conditions in a data policy, a default action is applied to the
packet. By default, the data packet is dropped.
Import Existing Topology
In the Add Topology drop-down, click Import Existing Topology. The Import Existing Topology popup appears.
Select the type of topology.
For Policy Type, choose the name of the topology you want to import.
In the Policy drop-down, select a policy to import.
Note
The policy configuration wizard does not let you import an already configured policy as in other instances of centralized
policies (data, control, or application-aware routing). The policy must be configured in its entirety.
Click Import.
Click Next to move to Configure Traffic Rules in the wizard.
Create a VPN Membership Policy
In the Specify your network topology area, click VPN Membership.
Click Add VPN Membership Policy.
Note
You can add only one VPN membership at a time, therefore all site lists and VPN lists must be included in a single policy.
The Add VPN Membership Policy popup displays.
Enter a name and description for the VPN membership policy.
In the Site List field, select the site list.
In the VPN Lists field, select the VPN list.
Click Add List to add another VPN to the VPN membership.
Click Save.
Click Next to move to Configure Traffic Rules in the wizard.
Configure Traffic Rules
Table 4. Feature History
Feature Name
Release Information
Description
Policy Matching with ICMP Message
Cisco IOS XE Release 17.4.1
Cisco vManage Release 20.4.1
This feature provides support for a new match condition that you can use to specify a list of ICMP messages for centralized
data policies, localized data policies, and Application-Aware Routing policies.
When you first open the Configure Traffic Rules window, Application-Aware Routing is selected by default.
You can also view already created AAR routing policies listed in the page. It provides various information related to the
policies such as the Name of the policy, Type, Mode, Description, Update By, and Last Updated details.
Note
You can refer to the Mode column for the security status details of the policy. The status helps to differentiate whether
the policy is used in unified security or not. The mode status is applicable only for security policies and not relevant to
any centralized or localized policies.
In Cisco vManage Release 20.7.1 and earlier releases, the SAIE flow is called the deep packet inspection (DPI) flow.
To configure traffic rules for a centralized data policy:
Click Traffic Data.
Click the Add Policy drop-down.
Click Create New. The Add Data Policy window displays.
Enter a name and a description for the data policy.
In the right pane, click Sequence Type. The Add Data Policy popup opens.
Select the type of data policy you want to create, Application Firewall, QoS,
Traffic Engineering, or Custom.
Note
If you want to configure multiple types of data policies for the same match condition, you need to configure a custom policy.
A policy sequence containing the text string Application, Firewall, QoS,
Traffic Engineering, or Custom is added in the left pane.
Double-click the text string, and enter a name for the policy sequence. The name you type is displayed both in the Sequence
Type list in the left pane and in the right pane.
In the right pane, click Sequence Rule. The Match/Action box opens, and Match is selected by default. The available policy match conditions are listed below the box.
Match Condition
Procedure
None (match all packets)
Do not specify any match conditions.
Applications /Application Family List
In the Match conditions, click Applications/Application Family List.
In the drop-down, select the application family.
To create an application list:
Click New Application List.
Enter a name for the list.
Click Application to create a list of individual applications. Click Application Family to create a list of related applications.
In the Select Application drop-down, select the desired applications or application families.
Click Save.
This match condition is available for IPv6 traffic from Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Release 17.9.1a and Cisco vManage Release 20.9.1.
Destination Data Prefix
In the Match conditions, click Destination Data Prefix.
To match a list of destination prefixes, select the list from the drop-down.
To match an individual destination prefix, enter the prefix in the Destination: IP Prefix field.
Destination Port
In the Match conditions, click Destination Port.
In the Destination Port field, enter the port number. Specify a single port number, a list of port numbers (with numbers separated by a space), or
a range of port numbers (with the two numbers separated with a hyphen [-]).
DNS Application List
Add an application list to enable split DNS.
In the Match conditions, click DNS Application List.
In the drop-down, select the application family.
This match condition is available for IPv6 traffic from Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Release 17.9.1a and Cisco vManage Release 20.9.1.
DNS
Add an application list to process split DNS.
In the Match conditions, click DNS.
In the drop-down, select Request to process DNS requests for the DNS applications, and select Response to process DNS responses for the applications.
DSCP
In the Match conditions, click DSCP.
In the DSCP field, type the DSCP value, a number from 0 through 63.
Packet Length
In the Match conditions, click Packet Length.
In the Packet Length field, type the length, a value from 0 through 65535.
PLP
In the Match conditions, click PLP to set the Packet Loss Priority.
In the PLP drop-down, select Low or High. To set the PLP to High, apply a policer that includes the exceed remark option.
Protocol
In the Match conditions, click Protocol.
In the Protocol field, type the Internet Protocol number, a number from 0 through 255.
ICMP Message
To match ICMP messages, in the Protocol field, set the Internet Protocol Number to 1, or 58, or both.
Note
This field is available from Cisco IOS XE Release 17.4.1,
Cisco vManage Release 20.4.1.
Source Data Prefix
In the Match conditions, click Source Data Prefix.
To match a list of source prefixes, select the list from the drop-down.
To match an individual source prefix, enter the prefix in the Source field.
Source Port
In the Match conditions, click Source Port.
In the Source field, enter the port number. Specify a single port number, a list of port numbers (with numbers separated by a space), or
a range of port numbers (with the two numbers separated with a hyphen [-]).
TCP
In the Match conditions, click TCP.
In the TCP field, syn is the only option available.
For QoS and Traffic Engineering data policies: From the Protocol drop-down list, select IPv4 to apply the policy only to IPv4 address families, IPv6 to apply the policy only to IPv6 address families, or Both to apply the policy to IPv4 and IPv6 address families.
To select one or more Match conditions, click its box and set the values as described.
Note
Not all match conditions are available for all policy sequence types.
To select actions to take on matching data traffic, click the Actions box.
To drop matching traffic, click Drop. The available policy actions are listed in the right side.
To accept matching traffic, click Accept. The available policy actions are listed in the right side.
Set the policy action as described.
Note
Not all actions are available for all match conditions.
Note
If IPv4 packet contains non-initial fragment of UDP or TCP datagram, it has no L4 ports information available because there
is no UDP or TCP header. For such fragments destination-port or source-port match is ignored.
In the following example, all the UDP packets to destination port 161 and any other IPv4 packets having protocol ID field
in IPv4 header set to 17 with IPv4 header having fragment-offset set will be dropped.
policy
app-visibility
access-list SDWAN_101
sequence 100
match
destination-port 161
protocol 17
!
action drop
!
!
Action Condition
Description
Procedure
Counter
Count matching data packets.
In the Action conditions, click Counter.
In the Counter Name field, enter the name of the file in which to store packet counters.
DSCP
Assign a DSCP value to matching data packets.
In the Action conditions, click DSCP.
In the DSCP field, type the DSCP value, a number from 0 through 63.
Forwarding Class
Assign a forwarding class to matching data packets.
In the Match conditions, click Forwarding Class.
In the Forwarding Class field, type the class value, which can be up to 32 characters long.
When (DP, AAR or ACL) data policy packets are configured with log action, logs generated and logged to syslog. Due to the
global log-rate-limit, not all logs are logged. A syslog message is generated the first time a packet header is logged and then every 5 minutes
thereafter, as long as the flow is active.
In the Action conditions, click Log to enable logging.
Policer
Apply a policer to matching data packets.
In the Match conditions, click Policer.
In the Policer drop-down field, select the name of a policer.
Loss Correction
Apply loss correction to matching data packets.
Forward Error Correction (FEC) recovers lost packets on a link by sending redundant data, enabling the receiver to correct
errors without the need to request retransmission of data.
FEC is supported only for IPSEC tunnels, it is not supported for GRE tunnels.
FEC Adaptive – Corresponding packets are subjected to FEC only if the tunnels that they go through have been deemed unreliable based on
measured loss.
If you choose FEC Adaptive, an additional field, Loss Threshold, displays that allows you to specify the packet loss threshold for automatically enabling FEC.
Adaptive FEC starts to work at 2% packet loss; this value is configurable.
You can specify a loss threshold of 1 to 5%. The default packet loss threshold is 2%.
FEC Always – Corresponding packets are always subjected to FEC.
Packet Duplication – Sends duplicate packets over a single tunnel. If more than one tunnel is available, duplicated packets will be sent over
the tunnel with the best parameters.
In the Match conditions, click Loss Correction.
In the Loss Correction field, select FEC Adaptive, FEC Always, or Packet Duplication.
Click Save Match and Actions.
Create additional sequence rules as desired. Drag and drop to re-arrange them.
Click Save Data Policy.
Click Next to move to Apply Policies to Sites and VPNs in the wizard.
Match Parameters - Control Policy
For OMP and TLOC routes , you can match the following attributes:
Match Condition
Description
Color List
One or more colors. The available colors are: 3g, biz-internet, blue, bronze, custom1,custom2, custom3, default, gold, green,
lte, metro-ethernet, mpls, private1 through private6, public-internet, red and silver.
Community List
List of one or more BGP communities. In the Community List field, you can specify:
• aa:nn: AS number and network number. Each number is a 2-byte value with a range from 1 to 65535.
• internet: Routes in this community are advertised to the internet community. This community comprises all BGP-speaking networking
devices.
• local-as: Routes in this community are not advertised outside the local AS.
• no-advertise: Attach the NO_ADVERTISE community to routes. Routes in this community are not advertised to other BGP peers.
• no-export: Attach the NO_EXPORT community to routes. Routes in this community are not advertised outside the local AS or outside a
BGP confederation boundary. To configure multiple BGP communities in a single list, include multiple community options, specifying one community in each option.
Types
Specifies the community type. Choose Standard to specify communities and community numbers or, Expanded to filter communities using a regular expression. Regular expressions are used to specify patterns to match community attributes.
CriteriaOR
Compares each regex string in the community list against the community string of the route.
The OR condition is applicable across multiple community lists and is valid for all devices.
Starting from Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Release 17.5.1a, the Community Types and Criteria fields are available.
OMP Tag
Tag value associated with the route or prefix in the routing database on the device.
The range is 0 through 4294967295.
Origin
Protocol from which the route was learned.
Originator
IP address from which the route was learned.
Path Type
In a Hierarchical SD-WAN architecture, match a route by its path type, which can be one of the following:
Hierarchical Path: A route that includes hops from an access region to a border router, through region 0, to another border router, then to
an edge router in a different access region
Direct Path: A direct path route from one edge router to another edge router.
Transport Gateway Path: A route that is re-originated by a router that has transport gateway functionality enabled.
Note
This option is available beginning with Cisco vManage Release 20.8.1.
Preference
How preferred a prefix is. This is the preference value that the route or prefix has in the local site, that is, in the routing
database on the device. A higher preference value is more preferred.The range is 0 through 255.
Prefix List
One or more prefixes. Specifies the name of a prefix list.
Not available in Cisco SD-WAN Manager.
Individual site identifier.
The range is 0 through 4294967295.
Site
One or more overlay network site identifiers.
Region
Region defined for Hierarchical SD-WAN.
The range is 1 to 63.
Note
This option is available beginning with Cisco vManage Release 20.7.1.
Role
In a Hierarchical SD-WAN architecture, match by the device type, which can be Border Router or Edge Router.
Note
This option is available beginning with Cisco vManage Release 20.8.1.
TLOC
Individual TLOC address.
Note
To use the set tloc and set tloc-list commands, you must use the set-vpn command.
VPN
Individual VPN identifier. The range is 0 through 65535.
Carrier
Carrier for the control traffic. Values are: default, carrier1 through carrier8.
Domain ID
Domain identifier associated with a TLOC.
The range is 0 through 4294967295.
OMP Tag
Tag value associated with the TLOC route in the route table on the device.
The range is 0 through 4294967295.
Site
Individual site contributor or more overlay network site identifiers..
The range is 0 through 4294967295.
In the CLI, you configure the OMP route attributes to match with the policy control-policy sequence match route command, and you configure the TLOC attributes to match with the policy control-policy sequence match tloc command.
Match Parameters - Data Policy
A centralized data policy can match IP prefixes and fields in the IP headers, as well as applications. You can also enable
split DNS.
Each sequence in a policy can contain one or more match conditions.
Table 5.
Match Condition
Description
Omit
Match all packets.
Applications/Application Family List
Applications or application families.
This match condition is available for IPv6 traffic from Cisco IOS XE Release 17.9.1a and Cisco vManage Release 20.9.1.
Destination Data Prefix
Group of destination prefixes, IP prefix and prefix length. The range is 0 through 65535; specify a single port number, a
list of port numbers (with numbers separated by a space), or a range of port numbers (with the two numbers separated with
a hyphen [-]).
Destination Region
Choose one of the following:
Primary: Match traffic if the destination device is in the same primary region (also called access region) as the source. This traffic
reaches the destination using a multi-hop path, through the core region.
Secondary: Match traffic if the destination device is not in the same primary region as the source but is within the same secondary
region as the source. This traffic can reach the destination using a direct tunnel, as described for secondary regions.
Other: Match traffic if the destination device is not in the same primary region or secondary region as the source. This traffic
requires a multi-hop path from the source to the destination.
Enables split DNS, to resolve and process DNS requests and responses on an application-by-application basis. Name of an app-list list . This list specifies the applications whose DNS requests are processed.
This match condition is available for IPv6 traffic from Cisco IOS XE Release 17.9.1a and Cisco vManage Release 20.9.1.
DNS
Specify the direction in which to process DNS packets. To process DNS requests sent by the applications (for outbound DNS
queries), specify dns request. To process DNS responses returned from DNS servers to the applications, specify dns response.
DSCP
Specifies the DSCP value.
Packet length
Specifies the packet length. The range is 0 through 65535; specify a single length, a list of lengths (with numbers separated
by a space), or a range of lengths (with the two numbers separated with a hyphen [-]).
Packet Loss Priority (PLP)
Specifies the packet loss priority. By default, packets have a PLP value of low. To set the PLP value to high, apply a policer that includes the exceed remark option.
Protocol
Specifies Internet protocol number. The range is 0 through 255.
ICMP Message
For Protocol IPv4 when you enter a Protocol value as 1, the ICMP Message field displays where you can select an ICMP message to apply to the data policy. Likewise, the ICMP Message field displays for Protocol IPv6 when you enter a Protocol value as 58.
When you select Protocol as Both, the ICMP Message or ICMPv6 Message field displays.
Note
This field is available from Cisco IOS XE Release 17.4.1,
Cisco vManage Release 20.4.1.
Source Data Prefix
Specifies the group of source prefixes or an individual source prefix.
Source Port
Specifies the source port number. The range is 0 through 65535; specify a single port number, a list of port numbers (with
numbers separated by a space), or a range of port numbers (with the two numbers separated with a hyphen [-]).
TCP Flag
Specifies the TCP flag, syn.
Traffic To
In a Multi-Region Fabric architecture, match border router traffic flowing to the access region that the border router is serving, the core region,
or a service VPN.
Note
Minimum release: Cisco vManage Release 20.8.1
Note
If IPv4 packet contains non-initial fragment of UDP or TCP datagram, it has no L4 ports information available because there
is no UDP or TCP header. For such fragments destination-port or source-port match is ignored.
In the following example, all the UDP packets to destination port 161 and any other IPv4 packets having protocol ID field
in IPv4 header set to 17 with IPv4 header having fragment-offset set will be dropped.
policy
app-visibility
access-list SDWAN_101
sequence 100
match
destination-port 161
protocol 17
!
action drop
!
!
Table 6. ICMP Message Types/Codes and Corresponding Enumeration Values
Type
Code
Enumeration
0
0
echo-reply
3
unreachable
0
net-unreachable
1
host-unreachable
2
protocol-unreachable
3
port-unreachable
4
packet-too-big
5
source-route-failed
6
network-unknown
7
host-unknown
8
host-isolated
9
dod-net-prohibited
10
dod-host-prohibited
11
net-tos-unreachable
12
host-tos-unreachable
13
administratively-prohibited
14
host-precedence-unreachable
15
precedence-unreachable
5
redirect
0
net-redirect
1
host-redirect
2
net-tos-redirect
3
host-tos-redirect
8
0
echo
9
0
router-advertisement
10
0
router-solicitation
11
time-exceeded
0
ttl-exceeded
1
reassembly-timeout
12
parameter-problem
0
general-parameter-problem
1
option-missing
2
no-room-for-option
13
0
timestamp-request
14
0
timestamp-reply
40
0
photuris
42
0
extended-echo
43
extended-echo-reply
0
echo-reply-no-error
1
malformed-query
2
interface-error
3
table-entry-error
4
multiple-interface-match
Table 7. ICMPv6 Message Types/Codes and Corresponding Enumeration Values
Type
Code
Enumeration
1
unreachable
0
no-route
1
no-admin
2
beyond-scope
3
destination-unreachable
4
port-unreachable
5
source-policy
6
reject-route
7
source-route-header
2
0
packet-too-big
3
time-exceeded
0
hop-limit
1
reassembly-timeout
4
parameter-problem
0
Header
1
next-header
2
parameter-option
128
0
echo-request
129
0
echo-reply
130
0
mld-query
131
0
mld-report
132
0
mld-reduction
133
0
router-solicitation
134
0
router-advertisement
135
0
nd-ns
136
0
nd-na
137
0
redirect
138
router-renumbering
0
renum-command
1
renum-result
255
renum-seq-number
139
ni-query
0
ni-query-v6-address
1
ni-query-name
2
ni-query-v4-address
140
ni-response
0
ni-response-success
1
ni-response-refuse
2
ni-response-qtype-unknown
141
0
ind-solicitation
142
0
ind-advertisement
143
mldv2-report
144
0
dhaad-request
145
0
dhaad-reply
146
0
mpd-solicitation
147
0
mpd-advertisement
148
0
cp-solicitation
149
0
cp-advertisement
151
0
mr-advertisement
152
0
mr-solicitation
153
0
mr-termination
155
0
rpl-control
Action Parameters - Control Policy
For each match condition, you configure a corresponding action to take if the route or TLOC matches for a control policy.
In the CLI, you configure actions with the policy control-policy action command.
Each sequence in a centralized control policy can contain one action condition.
In the action, you first specify whether to accept or reject a matching route or TLOC:
Table 8.
Description
Cisco SD-WAN Manager
Accept the route. An accepted route is eligible to be modified by the additional parameters configured in the action portion of the policy configuration.
Click Accept.
Discard the packet.
Click Reject.
Then, for a route or TLOC that is accepted, you can configure the following actions:
Action Condition
Description
Export To
Export the route the the specified VPN or list of VPNs (for a match route match condition only).
The range is 0 through 65535 or list name.
OMP Tag
Change the tag string in the route, prefix, or TLOC.
The range is 0 through 4294967295.
Preference
Change the preference value in the route, prefix, or TLOC to the specified value. A higher preference value is more preferred.
The range is 0 through 255.
Service
Specify a service to redirect traffic to before delivering the traffic to its destination.
The TLOC address or list of TLOCs identifies the TLOCs to which the traffic should be redirected to reach the service. In
the case of multiple TLOCs, the traffic is load-balanced among them.
The VPN identifier is where the service is located.
Configure the services themselves on the Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices that are collocated with the service devices, using the vpn service configuration command.
TLOC
Change the TLOC address, color, and encapsulation to the specified address and color.
For each TLOC, specify its address, color, and encapsulation. address is the system IP address. color can be one of 3g, biz-internet, blue, bronze, custom1, custom2, custom3, default, gold, green, lte, metro-ethernet, mpls, private1 through private6, public-internet, red, and silver. encapsulation can be gre or ipsec. Optionally, set a preference value (from 0 to 232 – 1) to associate with the TLOC address. When you apply a TLOC list in
an action accept condition, when multiple TLOCs are available and satisfy the match conditions, the TLOC with the highest preference value
is used. If two or more of TLOCs have the highest preference value, traffic is sent among them in an ECMP fashion.
TLOC Action
Direct matching routes or TLOCs using the mechanism specified by action, and enable end-to-end tracking of whether the ultimate destination is reachable.
Setting the TLOC action option enables the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller to perform end-to-end tracking of the path to the ultimate destination device.
Note
The preference command controls the preference for directing inbound and outbound traffic to a tunnel. The preference can be a value from
0 through 4294967295 (232 – 1), and the default value is 0. A higher value is preferred over a lower value.
When a Cisco vEdge device has two or more tunnels, if all the TLOCs have the same preference and no policy is applied that
affects traffic flow, all the TLOCs are advertised into OMP. When the router transmits or receives traffic, it distributes
traffic flows evenly among the tunnels, using ECMP.
Action Parameters - Data Policy
Table 9. Feature History
Feature Name
Release Information
Description
Path Preference Support for Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Devices
Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Release 17.2.1r
This feature extends to Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices, support for selecting one or more local transport locators (TLOCs) for a policy action.
Traffic Redirection to SIG Using Data Policy
Cisco IOS XE Release 17.4.1
Cisco vManage Release 20.4.1
With this feature, while creating a data policy, you can define an application list along with other match criteria and redirect
the application traffic to a Secure Internet Gateway (SIG).
Next Hop Action Enhancement in Data Policies
Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Release 17.5.1a
Cisco vManage Release 20.5.1
This feature enhances match action conditions in a centralized data policy for parity with the features configured on Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices. When you are setting up next-hop-loose action, this feature helps to redirect application traffic to an available route
when next-hop address is not available.
Traffic Redirection to SIG Using Data Policy: Fallback to Routing
Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Release 17.8.1a
Cisco vManage Release 20.8.1
With this feature, you can configure internet-bound traffic to be routed through the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN overlay, as a fallback mechanism, when all SIG tunnels are down.
Log Action for both Localized and Centralized Data Policies
Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Release 17.11.1a
Cisco vManage Release 20.11.1
This feature enables you to set a log action parameter for data policy, application route policy, and localized policy while
configuring data policies on Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices. The log parameter allows packets to get logged and generate syslog messages. Logs are exported to an external syslog server
every five minutes when a flow is active. You can control policy logs as per the configured rate using the command policy log-rate-limit.
When data traffic matches the conditions in the match portion of a centralized data policy, the packet can be accepted or
dropped. Then, you can associate parameters with accepted packets.
In the CLI, you configure the action parameters with the policy data-policy vpn-list sequence action command.
Each sequence in a centralized data policy can contain one action condition.
In the action, you first specify whether to accept or drop a matching data packet, and whether to count it:
Action Condition
Description
Click Accept
Accepts the packet. An accepted packet is eligible to be modified by the additional parameters configured in the action portion
of the policy configuration.
Cflowd
Enables cflowd traffic monitoring.
Counter
Counts the accepted or dropped packets. Specifies the name of a counter. Use the show policy access-lists counters command on the Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN device.
When (DP, AAR or ACL) data policy packets are configured with log action, logs generated and logged to syslog. Due to the
global log-rate-limit, not all logs are logged. A syslog message is generated the first time a packet header is logged and then every 5 minutes
thereafter, as long as the flow is active.
Redirects DNS requests to a particular DNS server. Redirecting requests is optional, but if you do so, you must specify both
actions.
For an inbound policy, redirect-dns host allows the DNS response to be correctly forwarded back to the requesting service VPN.
For an outbound policy, specify the IP address of the DNS server.
Note
When you upgrade to releases later than Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Release 17.7.1a, you must configure redirect DNS through nat use-vpn 0 to redirect DNS to Direct Internet Interface (DIA).
Note
You can set only local TLOC preferences with redirect-dns as actions on the same sequence, but not remote TLOC.
Note
You cannot configure Redirect DNS and SIG at the same time.
NAT DIA fallback and DNS redirection are not supported at the same time in data policy.
TCP Optimization
Fine-tune TCP to decrease round-trip latency and improve throughout for matching TCP traffic.
Secure Internet Gateway
Redirect application traffic to a SIG.
Note
Before you apply a data policy for redirecting application traffic to a SIG, you must have configured the SIG tunnels.
For more information on configuring Automatic SIG tunnels, see Automatic Tunnels . For more information on configuring Manual SIG tunnels, see Manual Tunnels.
Check the Fallback to Routing check box to route internet-bound traffic through the Cisco SD-WAN overlay when all SIG tunnels are down. This option is
introduced in Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Release 17.8.1a and Cisco vManage Release 20.8.1.
Note
On Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices, all the ongoing optimized flows are dropped when the TCP Optimization is removed.
Then, for a packet that is accepted, the following parameters can be configured:
Action Condition
Description
Cflowd
Enables cflowd traffic monitoring.
NAT Pool or NAT VPN
Enables NAT functionality, so that traffic can be redirected directly to the internet or other external destination. You can
configure up to 31 (1–31) NAT pools per router.
DSCP
DSCP value. The range is 0 through 63.
Forwarding Class
Name of the forwarding class.
Local TLOC
Enables sending packets to one of the TLOCs that matches the color and encapsulation. The available colors are: 3g, biz-internet,
blue, bronze, custom1,custom2, custom3, default, gold, green, lte, metro-ethernet, mpls, private1 through private6, public-internet,
red and silver.
The encapsulation options are: ipsec and gre.
By default, if the TLOC is not available, traffic is forwarded using an alternate TLOC. To drop traffic if a TLOC is unavailable,
include the restrict option.
By default, encapsulation is ipsec.
Next Hop
Sets the next hop IP address to which the packet should be forwarded.
Note
Starting from Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Release 17.5.1a and Cisco vManage Release 20.5.1, the Use Default Route when Next Hop is not available field is available next to the Next Hop action parameter. This option is available only when the sequence type is Traffic Engineering or Custom, and the protocol is either IPv4 or IPv6, but not both.
Policer
Applies a policer. Specifies the name of policer configured with the policy policer command.
Service
Specifies a service to redirect traffic to before delivering the traffic to its destination.
The TLOC address or list of TLOCs identifies the remote TLOCs to which the traffic should be redirected to reach the service.
In the case of multiple TLOCs, the traffic is load-balanced among them.
The VPN identifier is where the service is located.
TLOC list is configured with a policy lists tloc-list list.
Configure the services themselves on the Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices that are collocated with the service devices, using the vpn service command.
TLOC
Direct traffic to a remote TLOC that matches the IP address, color, and encapsulation of one of the TLOCs in the list. If
a preference value is configured for the matching TLOC, that value is assigned to the traffic.
Click Accept, then action VPN.
Set the VPN that the packet is part of. The range is 0 through 65530.
Note
Data policies are applicable on locally generated packets, including routing protocol packets, when the match conditions are
generic.
Example configuration:
sequence 21
match
source-ip 10.0.0.0/8
action accept
In such situations, it may be necessary to add a sequence in the data policy to escape the routing protocol packets. For example
to skip OSPF, use the following configuration:
sequence 20
match
source-ip 10.0.0.0/8
protocol 89
action accept
sequence 21
match
source-ip 10.0.0.0/8
action accept
The following table describes the IPv4 and IPv6 actions.
In the Apply Policies to Sites and VPNs page, apply a policy to sites and VPNs:
In the Policy Name field, enter a name for the policy. This field is mandatory and can contain only uppercase and lowercase letters, the digits
0 through 9, hyphens (–), and underscores (_). It cannot contain spaces or any other characters.
In the Policy Description field, enter a description of the policy. It can contain up to 2048 characters. This field is mandatory, and it can contain
any characters and spaces.
Associate the policy with VPNs and sites. The choice of VPNs and sites depends on the type of policy block:
For a Topology policy block, click New Site List, Inbound Site List, Outbound Site List, or VPN List. Some topology blocks might have no Add buttons. Choose one or more site lists, and choose one or more VPN lists. Click Add.
For an Application-Aware Routing policy block, click New Site List and VPN list. Choose one or more site lists, and choose one or more VPN lists. Click Add.
For a Traffic Data policy block, click New Site List and VPN List. Choose the direction for applying the policy (From Service, From Tunnel, or All), choose one or more site lists, and choose one or more VPN lists. Click Add.
For a cflowd policy block, click New Site List. Choose one or more site lists, and click Add.
Click Preview to view the configured policy. The policy appears in CLI format.
Click Save Policy. The Configuration > Policies page appears, and the policies table includes the newly created policy.
NAT Fallback on Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Devices
Release Information
NAT Fallback on Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Devices
Cisco IOS XE Release 17.3.2
Cisco vManage Release 20.3.2
Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices support the NAT fallback feature for Direct Internet Access (DIA). The NAT fallback feature provides a routing-based mechanism
for all traffic that is sent to the DIA route to use an alternative route when required. With this release, fallback is supported
on the service and tunnel side.
Note
To use Cisco SD-WAN Manager to configure NAT DIA fallback, Cisco SD-WAN Manager must manage your Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller.
To enable NAT fallback using Cisco SD-WAN Manager, create and configure a data policy by doing the following:
From the Cisco SD-WAN Manager menu, choose Configuration > Policies.
From the Custom options drop-down, under Centralized Policy, select Traffic Policy.
Click Traffic Data.
From the Add Policy drop-down, clickCreate New.
Click Sequence Type and select Custom.
Click (+) Sequence Rule to create a new sequence rule.
After adding match conditions, click Actions and click Accept.
Click NAT VPN and select the Fallback checkbox.
Click Save and Match Actions.
Click Save Data Policy.
Edit your existing centralized policy and import the policy:
Click Centralized Policy and for the required centralized policy, click ... and select Edit.
Click Traffic Rules and select Traffic Data.
From the Add Policy drop-down, select Import Existing.
Select the NAT policy that you created from the Policy drop-down.
Click Policy Application and select Traffic Data.
Click + New Site List and VPN List.
Select the direction, VPN, and site as required.
Click Add.
Click Save Policy Changes.
Click to select VPN, and Site from the drop-down.
Note
Policy configured for the from-tunnel traffic is also applied to the return DIA (Underlay) traffic apart from the return traffic coming over the tunnel. If none
of the sequences in that policy match, it matches the default sequence in that policy.
Note
NAT DIA fallback and DNS redirection are not supported at the same time in data policy.
The following NAT fallback actions/commands are now supported:
Action: nat fallback
When applying a policy: direction from-tunnel
Activate a Centralized Policy
Activating a centralized policy sends that policy to all connected Cisco SD-WAN Controllers. To activate a centralized policy:
From the Cisco SD-WAN Manager menu, choose Configuration > Policies. Centralized Policy is selected and displayed by default.
For the required policy, click ... and select Activate. The Activate Policy popup appears. It lists the IP addresses of the reachable Cisco SD-WAN Controllers to which the policy must be applied.
Click Activate.
View Centralized Policies
To view centralized policies:
From the Centralized Policy, select a policy.
For a policy created using the UI policy builder or using the CLI, click ... and select View. The policy created using the UI policy builder is displayed in graphical format while the policy created using the CLI method
is displayed in text format.
For a policy created using Cisco SD-WAN Manager policy configuration wizard, click ... and select Preview. This policy is displayed in text format.
Copy, Edit, and Delete Policies
To copy a policy:
From the Centralized Policy, select a policy.
For the desired policy, click ... and select Copy.
In the Policy Copy popup window, enter the policy name and a description of the policy.
Note
Starting with the Cisco IOS XE Release 17.2, 127 characters are supported for policy names for the following policy types:
Central route policy
Local route policy
Local Access Control lOst (ACL)
Local IPv6 ACL
Central data policy
Central app route policy
QoS map
Rewrite rule
All other policy names support 32 characters.
Click Copy.
To edit policies created using the Cisco SD-WAN Manager policy configuration wizard:
For the desired policy, click ... and select Edit.
Edit the policy as needed.
Click Save Policy Changes.
To edit polices created using the CLI method:
In the Custom Options drop-down, click CLI Policy.
For the desired policy, click ... and select Edit.
Edit the policy as needed.
Click Update.
To delete policies:
From the Centralized Policy, select a policy.
For the desired policy, click ... and select Delete.
Click OK to confirm deletion of the policy.
Configure Centralized Policies Using the CLI
To configure a centralized control policy using the CLI:
Create a list of overlay network sites to which the centralized control policy is to be applied (in the apply-policy command):
The list can contain as many site IDs as necessary. Include one site-id command for each site ID. For contiguous site IDs, you can specify a range of numbers separated with a dash (–). Create additional
site lists, as needed.
Create lists of IP prefixes, TLOCs, and VPNs as needed:
The match–action pairs are evaluated in order, by sequence number, starting with the lowest numbered pair and ending when
the route matches the conditions in one of the pairs. Or if no match occurs, the default action is taken (either rejecting
the route or accepting it as is).
Define match parameters for routes and for TLOCs:
vSmart(config-sequence-number)# match routeroute-parameter
vSmart(config-sequence-number)# match tloctloc-parameter
vSmart(config-sequence-number)# action accept set tlocip-addresscolorcolor
[encapencapsulation]
vSmart(config-sequence-number)# action accept set tloc-actionaction
vSmart(config-sequence-number)# action accept set tloc-listlist-name
Create additional numbered sequences of match–action pairs within the control policy, as needed.
If a route does not match any of the conditions in one of the sequences, it is rejected by default. If you want nonmatching
routes to be accepted, configure the default action for the policy:
vSmart(config-policy-name)# default-action accept
Apply the policy to one or more sites in the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN overlay network:
vSmart(config)# apply-policy site-listlist-namecontrol-policypolicy-name (in | out)
If the action you are configuring is a service, configure the required services on the Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices so that the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller knows how to reach the services:
Specify the VPN is which the service is located and one to four IP addresses to reach the service device or devices. If multiple
devices provide the same service, the device load-balances the traffic among them. Note that the Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN device keeps track of the services, advertising them to the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller only if the address (or one of the addresses) can be resolved locally, that is, at the device's local site, and not learned
through OMP. If a previously advertised service becomes unavailable, the Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN device withdraws the service advertisement.
Following are the high-level steps for configuring a VPN membership data policy:
Create a list of overlay network sites to which the VPN membership policy is to be applied (in the apply-policy command):
The list can contain as many site IDs as necessary. Include one site-id command for each site ID. For contiguous site IDs, you can specify a range of numbers separated with a dash (–). Create additional
site lists, as needed.
The match–action pairs are evaluated in order, by sequence number, starting with the lowest numbered pair and ending when
the route matches the conditions in one of the pairs. Or if no match occurs, the default action is taken (either rejecting
the route or accepting it as is).
Create additional numbered sequences of match–action pairs within the data policy, as needed.
If a route does not match any of the conditions in one of the sequences, it is rejected by default. To accept nonmatching
prefixed, configure the default action for the policy:
vSmart(config-policy-name)# default-action accept
Apply the policy to one or more sites in the overlay network:
This topic provides some examples of configuring a centralized data policy to influence traffic flow across the Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN domain and to configure a Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN device to be an internet exit point.
General Centralized Policy Example
This section shows a general example of a centralized data policy to illustrate that you configure centralized data policy
on a Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller and that after you commit the configuration, the policy itself is pushed to the required Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN device.
Here we configure a simple data policy on the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller vm9:
vm9# show running-config policy
policy
data-policy test-data-policy
vpn-list test-vpn-list
sequence 10
match
destination-ip 209.165.201.0/27
!
action drop
count test-counter
!
!
default-action drop
!
!
lists
vpn-list test-vpn-list
vpn 1
!
site-list test-site-list
site-id 500
!
!
!
Then, apply this policy to the site list named test-site-list, which includes site 500:
Immediately after you activate the configuration on the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller, it pushes the policy configuration to the Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices in site 500. One of these devices is vm5, where you can see that the policy has been received:
vm5# show sdwan policy from-vsmart
policy-from-vsmart
data-policy test-data-policy
vpn-list test-vpn-list
sequence 10
match
destination-ip 209.165.201.0/27
!
action drop
count test-counter
!
!
default-action drop
!
!
lists
vpn-list test-vpn-list
vpn 1
!
!
!
Control Access
This example shows a data policy that limits the type of packets that a source can send to a specific destination. Here, the
host at source address 192.0.2.1 in site 100 and VPN 100 can send only TCP traffic to the destination host at 203.0.113.1.
This policy also specifies the next hop for the TCP traffic sent by 192.0.2.1, setting it to be TLOC 209.165.200.225, color
gold. All other traffic is accepted as a result of the default-action statement.
policy
lists
site-list north
site-id 100
vpn-list vpn-north
vpn 100
!
data-policy tcp-only
vpn-list vpn-north
sequence 10
match
source-ip 192.0.2.1/32
destination-ip 198.51.100.1/32
protocol tcp
action accept
set tloc 203.0.113.1 gold
!
default-action accept
!
!
apply-policy
site north data-policy tcp-only
Restrict Traffic
This examples illustrates how to disallow certain types of data traffic from being
sent from between VPNs. This policy drops data traffic on port 25, which carries SMTP mail
traffic, that originates in 209.165.201.0/27. However, the policy accepts all other data
traffic, including non-SMTP traffic from 209.165.201.0/27.
policy
lists
data-prefix-list north-ones
ip-prefix 209.165.201.0/27
port 25
vpn-list all-vpns
vpn 1
vpn 2
site-list north
site-id 100
!
data-policy no-mail
vpn-list all-vpns
sequence 10
match
source-data-prefix-list north-ones
action drop
!
default-action accept
!
!
apply-policy
site north data-policy no-mail
Traffic Engineering
This example of traffic engineering forces all traffic to come to a Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN device using a device hub instead of directly.
One common way to design a domain in a Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN overlay network is to route all traffic destined for branches through a hub router, which is typically located in a data
center, rather than sending the traffic directly from one Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN device to another. You can think of this as a hub-and-spoke design, where one device is acting as a hub and the devices are
the spokes. With such a design, traffic between local branches travels over the IPsec connections that are established between
the spoke routers and the hub routers when the devices are booted up. Using established connections means that the devices
do not need to expend time and CPU cycles to establish IPsec connections with each other. If you were to imagine that this
were a large network with many devices, having a full mesh of connections between each pair of routers would require a large
amount of CPU from the routers. Another attribute of this design is that, from an administrative point of view, it can be
simpler to institute coordinated traffic flow policies on the hub routers, both because there are fewer of them in the overlay
network and because they are located in a centralized data center.
One way to direct all the device spoke router traffic to a Cisco hub router is to create a policy that changes the TLOC associated
with the routes in the local network. Let’s consider the topology in the figure here:
This topology has two devices in different branches:
The Device West in site ID 1. The TLOC for this device is defined by its IP address (192.0.2.1), a color (gold), and an encapsulation
(here, IPsec). We write the full TLOC address as {192.0.2.1, gold, ipsec}. The color is simply a way to identify a flow of
traffic and to separate it from other flows.
The Device East in site ID 2 has a TLOC address of {203.0.113.1, gold, ipsec}.
The devices West and East learn each other’s TLOC addresses from the OMP routes distributed to them by the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller. In this example, the Device East advertises the prefix 209.165.201.0/27 as being reachable at TLOC {203.0.113.1, gold, }.
In the absence of any policy, the Device West could route traffic destined for 209.165.201.0/27 to TLOC {203.0.113.1, gold,
ipsec}, which means that the Device West would be sending traffic directly to the Device East.
However, our design requires that all traffic from West to East be routed through the hub router, whose TLOC address is {209.165.200.225,
gold, ipsec}, before going to the Device East. To effect this traffic flow, you define a policy that changes the route's TLOC.
So, for the prefix 209.165.201.0/27, you create a policy that changes the TLOC associated with the prefix 209.165.201.0/27
from {203.0.113.1, gold, ipsec}, which is the TLOC address of the Device East, to {209.165.200.225, gold, ipsec}, which is
the TLOC address of the hub router. The result is that the OMP route for the prefix 209.165.201.0/27 that the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller advertises to the Device West that contains the TLOC address of the hub router instead of the TLOC address of the Device
East. From a traffic flow point of view, the Device West then sends all traffic destined for 209.165.201.0/27 to the hub router.
The device also learns the TLOC addresses of the West and East devices from the OMP routes advertised by the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller. Because, devices must use these two TLOC addresses, no policy is required to control how the hub directs traffic to the
devices.
Here is a policy configuration on the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller that directs the Device West (and any other devices in the network domain) to send traffic destined to prefix 209.165.201.0/27
to TLOC 209.165.200.225, gold, which is the device:
policy
lists
prefix-list east-prefixes
ip-prefix 209.165.201.0/27
site-list west-sites
site-id 1
control-policy change-tloc
sequence 10
match route
prefix-list east-prefixes
site-id 2
action accept
set tloc 209.165.200.225 color gold encap ipsec
apply-policy
site west-sites control-policy change-tloc out
A rough English translation of this policy is:
Create a list named “east-prefixes” that contains the IP prefix “209.165.201.0/27”
Create a list named “west-sites” that contains the site-id “1”
Define a control policy named “change-tloc”
Create a policy sequence element that:
Matches a prefix from list “east-prefixes”, that is, matches “209.165.201.0/27”
AND matches a route from site-id “2”
If a match occurs:
Accept the route
AND change the route’s TLOC to “209.165.200.225” with a color of "gold" and an encapsulation of "ipsec"
Apply the control policy “change-tloc” to OMP routes sent by the vSmart
controller to “west-sites”, that is, to site ID 1
This control policy is configured on the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller as an outbound policy, as indicated by the out option in the apply-policy site command. This option means the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller applies the TLOC change to the OMP route after it distributes the route from its route table. The OMP route for prefix 209.165.201.0/27
that the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller distributes to the Device West associates 209.165.201.0/27 with TLOC 209.165.200.225, gold. This is the OMP route that the
Device West installs it in its route table. The end results are that when the Device West sends traffic to 209.165.201.0/27,
the traffic is directed to the hub; and the Device West does not establish a DTLS tunnel directly with the Device East.
If the West side of the network had many sites instead of just one and each site had its own device, it would be straightforward
to apply this same policy to all the sites. To do this, you simply add the site IDs of all the sites in the site-list west-sites list. This is the only change you need to make in the policy to have all the West-side sites send traffic bound for the prefix
209.165.201.0/27 through the device. For example:
policy
lists
prefix-list east-prefixes
ip-prefix 209.165.201.0/27
site-list west-sites
site-id 1
site-id 11
site-id 12
site-id 13
control-policy change-tloc
sequence 10
match route
prefix-list east-prefixes
site-id 2
action accept
set tloc 209.165.200.225 color gold encap ipsec
apply-policy
site west-sites control-policy change-tloc out
Creating Arbitrary Topologies
To provide redundancy in the hub-and-spoke-style topology discussed in the previous example, you can add a second Cisco hub
to create a dual-homed hub site. The following figure shows that site ID 100 now has two Device hubs. We still want all inter-branch
traffic to be routed through a device hub. However, because we now have dual-homed hubs, we want to share the data traffic
between the two hub routers.
Device Hub West, with TLOC 209.165.200.225, gold. We want all data traffic from branches on the West side of the overlay network
to pass through and be processed by this device.
Device Hub East, with TLOC 198.51.100.1, gold. Similarly, we all East-side data traffic to pass through the Device Hub East.
Here is a policy configuration on the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller that would send West-side data traffic through the Cisco hub, and West and East-side traffic through the Device Hub East:
policy
lists
site-list west-sites
site-id 1
site-list east-sites
site-id 2
tloc-list west-hub-tlocs
tloc-id 209.165.200.225 gold
tloc-list east-hub-tlocs
tloc-id 198.51.100.1 gold
control-policy prefer-west-hub
sequence 10
match tloc
tloc-list west-hub-tlocs
action accept
set preference 50
control-policy prefer-east-hub
sequence 10
match tloc
tloc-list east-hub-tlocs
action accept
set preference 50
apply-policy
site west-sites control-policy prefer-west-hub out
site east-sites control-policy prefer-east-hub out
Here is an explanation of this policy configuration:
Create the site lists that are required for the apply-policy configuration command:
site-list west-sites lists all the site IDs for all the devices in the West portion of the overlay network.
site-list east-sites lists the site IDs for the devices in the East portion of the network.
Create the TLOC lists that are required for the match condition in the control policy:
west-hub-tlocs lists the TLOC for the Device West Hub, which we want to service traffic from the West-side device.
east-hub-tlocs lists the TLOC for the Device East Hub, to service traffic from the East devices.
Define two control policies:
prefer-west-hub affects OMP routes destined to TLOC 209.165.200.225, gold, which is the TLOC address of the Device West hub router. This
policy modifies the preference value in the OMP route to a value of 50, which is large enough that it is likely that no other
OMP routes will have a larger preference. So setting a high preference value directs traffic destined for site 100 to the
Device West hub router.
Similarly, prefer-east-hub sets the preference to 50 for OMP routes destined TLOC 198.51.100.1, gold, which is the TLOC address of the Device East hub
router, thus directing traffic destined for site 100 site to the Device East hub 198.51.100.1 router.
Apply the control policies:
The first line in the apply-policy configuration has the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller apply the prefer-west-hub control policy to the sites listed in the west-sites list, which here is only site ID 1, so that the preference in their OMP routes destined to TLOC 209.165.200.225 is changed
to 50 and traffic sent from the Device West to the hub site goes through the Device West hub router.
The Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Controller applies the prefer-east-hub control policy to the OMP routes that it advertises to the devices in the east-sites list, which changes the preference to 50 for OMP routes destined to TLOC 198.51.100.1, so that traffic from the Device East
goes to the Device East hub router.
Community Example
This example displays the configuration for centralized control policy for community lists.
policy
lists
expanded-community-list test
community 0:110* 100:[7-9]+
community 0:110* 11:*
community-list test-com
community 0:1
community 0:2
control-policy test
sequence 10
match route
expanded-community-list test
action accept
set
community 100:2 100:3
additive
This example displays the configuration for standard community lists.
Standard Community list
route : 0:1234 0:11 0:12
community-list
community 0:100
community 0:1234
community 0:101
*MATCH*
route : 0:1234 0:11 0:12
community-list
community 0:100
community 0:5678
community 0:101
*NO MATCH*
This example displays the configuration for expanded community lists. OR match compares each regex string in the community
list against the route’s community string.
Expanded Community list
route - 0:1234 0:5678
expanded-community-list:
community 0:110* 11:
community 0:110* 100:[7-9]+
community 0:12[3-7]+
*MATCH*
route - 0:1234 0:5678
expanded-community-list:
community 0:111*
community 0:110* 11:*
*NO MATCH*
EXACT match input strings need to have communities in sorted order. Sorts it by byte value and add the meta characters for
start and end of string.
route - 0:1234 0:5678
expanded-community-list:
community ^0:1234 0:5678$
*MATCH*
AND match input strings need to have communities in sorted order. Add ‘.+’ to blindly match between the sorted communities.
From Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Release 17.8.1a and Cisco vManage Release 20.8.1, you can use the sig-action fallback-to-routing command to configure internet-bound traffic to be routed through the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN overlay when all SIG tunnels are down. The following example shows the configuration of this fallback mechanism.
data-policy _VPN10_SIG_Fall_Back
vpn-list VPN10
sequence 1
match
app-list Google_Apps
source-ip 0.0.0.0/0
!
action accept
sig
sig-action fallback-to-routing
!
!
default-action drop
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