EA bits —Embedded address bits. The IPv4 EA bits in
the IPv6 address identify an IPv4 prefix/address (or part thereof) or a shared
IPv4 address (or part thereof) and a port-set identifier.
IP fragmentation —The process of breaking a
datagram into a number of pieces that can be reassembled later. The IP source,
destination, identification, total length, and fragment offset fields, along
with the More fragments and Don't Fragment (DF) flags in the IP header, are
used for IP fragmentation and reassembly. A DF bit is a bit within the IP
header that determines whether a device is allowed to fragment a packet.
IPv4-translatable address —IPv6 addresses that are
used to represent IPv4 hosts. These addresses have an explicit mapping
relationship to IPv6 addresses. This relationship is self-described by mapping
the IPv4 address in the IPv6 address. Both stateless and stateful translators
use IPv4-translatable (also called IPv4-converted) IPv6 addresses to represent
IPv4 hosts.
IPv6-translatable address —IPv6 addresses that are
assigned to IPv6 hosts for stateless translation. These IPv6-translatable
addresses (also called IPv6-converted addresses) have an explicit mapping
relationship to IPv4 addresses. This relationship is self-described by mapping
the IPv4 address in the IPv6 address. The stateless translator uses
corresponding IPv4 addresses to represent IPv6 hosts. The stateful translator
does not use IPv6-translatable addresses because IPv6 hosts are represented by
the IPv4 address pool in the translator via dynamic states.
MAP rule —A set of parameters that define the
mapping between an IPv4 prefix, an IPv4 address or a shared IPv4 address, and
an IPv6 prefix or address. Each MAP domain uses a different mapping rule set.
MAP-T border router —A mapping of address and port
using translation (MAP-T)-enabled router or translator at the edge of a MAP
domain that provides connectivity to the MAP-T domain. A border relay router
has at least one IPv6-enabled interface and one IPv4 interface connected to the
native IPv4 network, and this router can serve multiple MAP-T domains.
MAP-T CE —A device that functions as a customer
edge (CE) router in a MAP-T deployment. A typical MAP-T CE device that adopts
MAP rules serves a residential site with one WAN-side interface and one or more
LAN-side interfaces. A MAP-T CE device can also be referred to as a “CE” within
the context of a MAP-T domain.
MAP-T
domain —Mapping of address and port using translation (MAP-T)
domain. One or more customer edge (CE) devices and a border router, all
connected to the same IPv6 network. A service provider may deploy a single
MAP-T domain or use multiple MAP domains.
MRT —MAP rule table. Address and port-aware data
structure that supports the longest match lookups. The MRT is used by the MAP-T
forwarding function.
path MTU —Path maximum transmission unit (MTU)
discovery prevents fragmentation in the path between endpoints. Path MTU
discovery is used to dynamically determine the lowest MTU along the path from a
packet’s source to its destination. Path MTU discovery is supported only by TCP
and UDP. Path MTU discovery is mandatory in IPv6, but it is optional in IPv4.
IPv6 devices never fragment a packet—only the sender can fragment packets.
stateful translation —Creates a per-flow state when
the first packet in a flow is received. A translation algorithm is said to be
stateful if the transmission or reception of a packet creates or modifies a
data structure in the relevant network element. Stateful translation allows the
use of multiple translators interchangeably and also some level of scalability.
Stateful translation enables IPv6 clients and peers without mapped IPv4
addresses to connect to IPv4-only servers and peers.
stateless translation —A translation algorithm that
is not stateful. A stateless translation requires configuring a static
translation table or may derive information algorithmically from the messages
that it is translating. Stateless translation requires less computational
overhead than stateful translation. It also requires less memory to maintain
the state because the translation tables and the associated methods and
processes exist in a stateful algorithm and do not exist in a stateless one.
Stateless translation enables IPv4-only clients and peers to initiate
connections to IPv6-only servers or peers that are equipped with IPv4-embedded
IPv6 addresses. It also enables scalable coordination of IPv4-only stub
networks or ISP IPv6-only networks. Because the source port in an IPv6-to-IPv4
translation may have to be changed to provide adequate flow identification, the
source port in the IPv4-to-IPv6 direction need not be changed.