IPv6 over IPv4 GRE Tunnels

GRE tunnels are links between two points, with a separate tunnel for each link. The tunnels are not tied to a specific passenger or transport protocol, but in this case carry IPv6 as the passenger protocol with the GRE as the carrier protocol and IPv4 or IPv6 as the transport protocol.

Finding Feature Information

Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table.

Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/​go/​cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.

Information About IPv6 over IPv4 GRE Tunnels

Overlay Tunnels for IPv6

Overlay tunneling encapsulates IPv6 packets in IPv4 packets for delivery across an IPv4 infrastructure (a core network or the figure below). By using overlay tunnels, you can communicate with isolated IPv6 networks without upgrading the IPv4 infrastructure between them. Overlay tunnels can be configured between border devices or between a border device and a host; however, both tunnel endpoints must support both the IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks. IPv6 supports the following types of overlay tunneling mechanisms:

  • Manual

  • Generic routing encapsulation (GRE)

  • IPv4-compatible

  • 6to4

  • Intrasite Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP)

Figure 1. Overlay Tunnels


Note

Overlay tunnels reduce the maximum transmission unit (MTU) of an interface by 20 octets (assuming that the basic IPv4 packet header does not contain optional fields). A network that uses overlay tunnels is difficult to troubleshoot. Therefore, overlay tunnels that connect isolated IPv6 networks should not be considered a final IPv6 network architecture. The use of overlay tunnels should be considered as a transition technique toward a network that supports both the IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks or just the IPv6 protocol stack.

Use the table below to help you determine which type of tunnel that you want to configure to carry IPv6 packets over an IPv4 network.

Table 1 Suggested Usage of Tunnel Types to Carry IPv6 Packets over an IPv4 Network

Tunneling Type

Suggested Usage

Usage Notes

Manual

Simple point-to-point tunnels that can be used within a site or between sites.

Can carry IPv6 packets only.

GRE- and IPv4- compatible

Simple point-to-point tunnels that can be used within a site or between sites.

Can carry IPv6, Connectionless Network Service (CLNS), and many other types of packets.

IPv4- compatible

Point-to-multipoint tunnels.

Uses the ::/96 prefix. We do not recommend using this tunnel type.

6to4

Point-to-multipoint tunnels that can be used to connect isolated IPv6 sites.

Sites use addresses from the 2002::/16 prefix.

6RD

IPv6 service is provided to customers over an IPv4 network by using encapsulation of IPv6 in IPv4.

Prefixes can be from the SP’s own address block.

ISATAP

Point-to-multipoint tunnels that can be used to connect systems within a site.

Sites can use any IPv6 unicast addresses.

Individual tunnel types are discussed in detail in this document. We recommend that you review and understand the information about the specific tunnel type that you want to implement. When you are familiar with the type of tunnel you need, see the table below for a summary of the tunnel configuration parameters that you may find useful.

Table 2 Tunnel Configuration Parameters by Tunneling Type

Tunneling Type

Tunnel Configuration Parameter

Tunnel Mode

Tunnel Source

Tunnel Destination

Interface Prefix or Address

Manual

ipv6ip

An IPv4 address, or a reference to an interface on which IPv4 is configured.

An IPv4 address.

An IPv6 address.

GRE/IPv4

gre ip

An IPv4 address.

An IPv6 address.

IPv4- compatible

ipv6ip auto-tunnel

Not required. These are all point-to-multipoint tunneling types. The IPv4 destination address is calculated, on a per-packet basis, from the IPv6 destination.

Not required. The interface address is generated as ::tunnel-source/96.

6to4

ipv6ip 6to4

An IPv6 address. The prefix must embed the tunnel source IPv4 address.

6RD

ipv6ip 6rd

An IPv6 address.

ISATAP

ipv6ip isatap

An IPv6 prefix in modified eui-64 format. The IPv6 address is generated from the prefix and the tunnel source IPv4 address.

GRE IPv4 Tunnel Support for IPv6 Traffic

IPv6 traffic can be carried over IPv4 GRE tunnels using the standard GRE tunneling technique that is designed to provide the services to implement any standard point-to-point encapsulation scheme. As in IPv6 manually configured tunnels, GRE tunnels are links between two points, with a separate tunnel for each link. The tunnels are not tied to a specific passenger or transport protocol but, in this case, carry IPv6 as the passenger protocol with the GRE as the carrier protocol and IPv4 or IPv6 as the transport protocol.

The primary use of GRE tunnels is for stable connections that require regular secure communication between two edge devices or between an edge device and an end system. The edge devices and the end systems must be dual-stack implementations.

How to Configure IPv6 over IPv4 GRE Tunnels

Configuring GRE on IPv6 Tunnels

GRE tunnels can be configured to run over an IPv6 network layer and to transport IPv4 and IPv6 packets in IPv6 tunnels.

Before You Begin

When GRE IPv6 tunnels are configured, IPv6 addresses are assigned to the tunnel source and the tunnel destination. The tunnel interface can have either IPv4 addresses or IPv6 addresses assigned (this is not shown in the task). The host or device at each end of a configured tunnel must support both the IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks.

SUMMARY STEPS

    1.    enable

    2.    configure terminal

    3.    interface tunnel tunnel-number

    4.    Enter one of the following commands:

    • ipv6 address {ipv6-address/prefix-length | prefix-name sub-bits/prefix-length}
    • ipv6 address ipv6-prefix/prefix-length [eui-64]

    5.    tunnel source {ip-address | ipv6-address | interface-type interface-number}

    6.    tunnel destination {hostname | ip-address | ipv6-address}

    7.    tunnel mode {aurp | cayman | dvmrp | eon | gre | gre multipoint | gre ipv6 | ipip [decapsulate-any] | iptalk | ipv6 | mpls | nos}

    8.    end


DETAILED STEPS
     Command or ActionPurpose
    Step 1 enable


    Example:
    Device> enable
     

    Enables privileged EXEC mode.

    • Enter your password if prompted.

     
    Step 2 configure terminal


    Example:
    Device# configure terminal
     

    Enters global configuration mode.

     
    Step 3 interface tunnel tunnel-number


    Example:
    Device(config)# interface tunnel 0
     

    Specifies a tunnel interface and number, and enters interface configuration mode.

     
    Step 4 Enter one of the following commands:
    • ipv6 address {ipv6-address/prefix-length | prefix-name sub-bits/prefix-length}
    • ipv6 address ipv6-prefix/prefix-length [eui-64]


    Example:
    Device(config-if)# ipv6 address 3ffe:b00:c18:1::3/127
     
    Specifies the IPv6 network assigned to the interface and enables IPv6 processing on the interface.

    • If you specify the eui-64 keyword, the software configures an IPv6 address for an interface and enables IPv6 processing on the interface using an EUI-64 interface ID in the low-order 64 bits of the address.

     
    Step 5 tunnel source {ip-address | ipv6-address | interface-type interface-number}


    Example:
    Device(config-if)# tunnel source gigabitethernet 0/0/0
     

    Specifies the source IPv4 address, IPv6 address, or the source interface type and number for the tunnel interface.

    • If an interface is specified, the interface must be configured with an IPv4 address.

     
    Step 6 tunnel destination {hostname | ip-address | ipv6-address}


    Example:
    Device(config-if)# tunnel destination 2001:DB8:1111:2222::1/64
     

    Specifies the destination IPv4 address, IPv6 address, or hostname for the tunnel interface.

     
    Step 7 tunnel mode {aurp | cayman | dvmrp | eon | gre | gre multipoint | gre ipv6 | ipip [decapsulate-any] | iptalk | ipv6 | mpls | nos}


    Example:
    Device(config-if)# tunnel mode gre ipv6
     

    Specifies a GRE IPv6 tunnel.

    Note   

    The tunnel mode gre ipv6 command specifies GRE as the encapsulation protocol for the tunnel.

     
    Step 8 end


    Example:
    Device(config-if)# end
     

    Returns to privileged EXEC mode.

     

    Configuration Examples for IPv6 over IPv4 GRE Tunnels

    Example GRE Tunnel Running IS-IS and IPv6 Traffic

    The following example configures a GRE tunnel running both IS-IS and IPv6 traffic between Router A and Router B:

    Router A Configuration

    ipv6 unicast-routing
clns routing
!
interface tunnel 0
 no ip address
 ipv6 address 3ffe:b00:c18:1::3/127
 ipv6 router isis 
 tunnel source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
 tunnel destination 2001:DB8:1111:2222::1/64
 tunnel mode gre ipv6
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
!
router isis 
 net 49.0000.0000.000a.00

    Router B Configuration

    ipv6 unicast-routing
clns routing
!
interface tunnel 0
 no ip address
 ipv6 address 3ffe:b00:c18:1::2/127
 ipv6 router isis 
 tunnel source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
 tunnel destination 2001:DB8:1111:2222::2/64
 tunnel mode gre ipv6
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0
!
router isis 
 net 49.0000.0000.000b.00
 address-family ipv6
 redistribute static
 exit-address-family

    Example: Tunnel Destination Address for IPv6 Tunnel

    Router(config
)
# 
interface Tunnel0
Router(config
-if)
# 
ipv6 address 2001:1:1::1/48
Router(config
-if)
# 
tunnel source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
Router(config
-if)
# 
tunnel destination 10.0.0.2
Router(config
-if)
# 
tunnel mode gre ipv6
Router(config
-if)
# 
exit
!
Router(config
)
# 
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
Router(config
-if)
# 
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config
-if)
# 
exit
!
Router(config
)
# 
ipv6 unicast-routing
Router(config
)
# 
router isis
 
Router(config
)
# 
net 49.0000.0000.000a.00

    Additional References

    Related Documents

    Related Topic

    Document Title

    IPv6 addressing and connectivity

    IPv6 Configuration Guide

    Cisco IOS commands

    Cisco IOS Master Commands List, All Releases

    IPv6 commands

    Cisco IOS IPv6 Command Reference

    Cisco IOS IPv6 features

    Cisco IOS IPv6 Feature Mapping

    Standards and RFCs

    Standard/RFC

    Title

    RFCs for IPv6

    IPv6 RFCs

    MIBs

    MIB

    MIBs Link

    To locate and download MIBs for selected platforms, Cisco IOS releases, and feature sets, use Cisco MIB Locator found at the following URL:

    http:/​/​www.cisco.com/​go/​mibs

    Technical Assistance

    Description

    Link

    The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.

    http:/​/​www.cisco.com/​cisco/​web/​support/​index.html

    Feature Information for IPv6 over IPv4 GRE Tunnels

    The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.

    Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/​go/​cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.
    Table 3 Feature Information for IPv6 over IPv4 GRE Tunnels

    Feature Name

    Releases

    Feature Information

    IPv6 over IPv4 GRE Tunnels

    Cisco IOS XE Release 2.1

    GRE tunnels are links between two points, with a separate tunnel for each link. The tunnels are not tied to a specific passenger or transport protocol, but in this case carry IPv6 as the passenger protocol with the GRE as the carrier protocol and IPv4 or IPv6 as the transport protocol.

    The following commands were introduced or modified: tunnel destination, tunnel mode ipv6ip, tunnel source.