簡介
本檔案介紹在無線LAN控制器(WLC)上使用第三方憑證所造成的問題。
必要條件
需求
思科建議您瞭解以下主題:
- 無線區域網路控制器(WLC)
- 公開金鑰基礎架構 (PKI)
- X.509憑證
採用元件
本文中的資訊係根據以下軟體和硬體版本:
- 3504 WLC(韌體版本8.10.105.0)
- 用於命令列工具的OpenSSL 1.0.2p
- Windows 10電腦
- 來自專用實驗室證書頒發機構(CA)的證書鏈,包含三個證書(枝葉、中間、根)
- 簡單式檔案傳輸通訊協定(TFTP)伺服器,用於檔案傳輸。
本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除(預設)的組態來啟動。如果您的網路運作中,請確保您瞭解任何指令可能造成的影響。
背景資訊
在AireOS WLC上,您可以安裝將用於WebAuth和WebAdmin的第三方憑證。安裝時,WLC期望有一個PEM(Privacy Enhanced Mail)格式化檔案,其中包含鏈中的所有證書,一直到根CA證書和私鑰。有關此程式的詳細資訊記錄在產生第三方憑證的CSR,並將鏈結的憑證下載到WLC中。
本文檔將展開並詳細展示最常見的安裝錯誤,以及每個方案的調試示例和解決方案。本文檔中使用的調試輸出來自debug transfer all enable和debug pm pki enable(在WLC上啟用)。使用TFTP傳輸憑證檔案。
疑難排解
方案1.為解密私鑰而提供的密碼不正確或沒有提供密碼
*TransferTask: Apr 21 03:51:20.737: Add ID Cert: Adding certificate & private key using password check123
*TransferTask: Apr 21 03:51:20.737: Add Cert to ID Table: Adding certificate (name: bsnSslWebauthCert) to ID table using password check123
*TransferTask: Apr 21 03:51:20.737: Add Cert to ID Table: Decoding PEM-encoded Certificate (verify: YES)
*TransferTask: Apr 21 03:51:20.737: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: Cert/Key Length was 0, so taking string length instead
*TransferTask: Apr 21 03:51:20.737: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: Cert/Key Length 6276 & VERIFY
*TransferTask: Apr 21 03:51:20.741: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: X509 Cert Verification return code: 1
*TransferTask: Apr 21 03:51:20.741: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: X509 Cert Verification result text: ok
*TransferTask: Apr 21 03:51:20.741: Add Cert to ID Table: Decoding PEM-encoded Private Key using password check123
*TransferTask: Apr 21 03:51:20.799: Decode PEM Private Key: Error reading Private Key from PEM-encoded PKCS12 bundle using password check123
*TransferTask: Apr 21 03:51:20.799: Add ID Cert: Error decoding / adding cert to ID cert table (verifyChain: TRUE)
*TransferTask: Apr 21 03:51:20.799: Add WebAuth Cert: Error adding ID cert
*TransferTask: Apr 21 03:51:20.799: RESULT_STRING: Error installing certificate.
解決方案:確保提供正確的密碼,以便WLC對其進行解碼以進行安裝。
案例2.鏈中無中繼CA憑證
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:34:43.319: Add ID Cert: Adding certificate & private key using password Cisco123
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:34:43.319: Add Cert to ID Table: Adding certificate (name: bsnSslWebauthCert) to ID table using password Cisco123
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:34:43.319: Add Cert to ID Table: Decoding PEM-encoded Certificate (verify: YES)
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:34:43.319: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: Cert/Key Length was 0, so taking string length instead
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:34:43.319: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: Cert/Key Length 4840 & VERIFY
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:34:43.321: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: X509 Cert Verification return code: 0
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:34:43.321: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: X509 Cert Verification result text: unable to get local issuer certificate
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:34:43.321: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: Error in X509 Cert Verification at 0 depth: unable to get local issuer certificate
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:34:43.321: Add Cert to ID Table: Error decoding (verify: YES) PEM certificate
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:34:43.321: Add ID Cert: Error decoding / adding cert to ID cert table (verifyChain: TRUE)
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:34:43.321: Add WebAuth Cert: Error adding ID cert
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:34:43.321: RESULT_STRING: Error installing certificate.
解決方案:驗證WLC憑證中的Issuer和X509v3授權金鑰識別碼欄位,以驗證簽署憑證的CA憑證。如果中間CA憑證是由CA提供的,則此憑證可用於驗證。否則,請向您的CA請求證書。
此OpenSSL指令可用於驗證每個憑證的以下詳細資訊:
> openssl x509 -in wlc.crt -text -noout
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
50:93:16:83:04:d5:6b:db:26:7c:3a:13:f3:95:32:7e
Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
Issuer: C=US, O=TAC Lab, CN=Wireless TAC Lab Sub CA
Validity
Not Before: Apr 21 03:08:05 2020 GMT
Not After : Apr 21 03:08:05 2021 GMT
Subject: C=US, O=TAC Lab, CN=guest.wirelesslab.local
...
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:27:69:2E:C3:2F:20:5B:07:14:80:E1:86:36:7B:E0:92:08:4C:88:12
> openssl x509 -in int-ca.crt -text -noout
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
d1:ec:26:0e:be:f1:aa:65:7b:4a:8f:c7:d5:7f:a4:97
Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
Issuer: C=US, O=TAC Lab, CN=Wireless TAC Lab Root CA
Validity
Not Before: Apr 21 02:51:03 2020 GMT
Not After : Apr 19 02:51:03 2030 GMT
Subject: C=US, O=TAC Lab, CN=Wireless TAC Lab Sub CA
...
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
27:69:2E:C3:2F:20:5B:07:14:80:E1:86:36:7B:E0:92:08:4C:88:12
或者,如果您使用Windows,請為證書提供.crt副檔名,然後按兩下以驗證這些詳細資訊。
WLC憑證:
中間CA證書:
識別中繼CA憑證後,請相應地繼續鏈結並重新安裝。
案例3.憑證鏈中無根CA憑證
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:28:09.643: Add ID Cert: Adding certificate & private key using password Cisco123
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:28:09.643: Add Cert to ID Table: Adding certificate (name: bsnSslWebauthCert) to ID table using password Cisco123
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:28:09.643: Add Cert to ID Table: Decoding PEM-encoded Certificate (verify: YES)
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:28:09.643: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: Cert/Key Length was 0, so taking string length instead
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:28:09.643: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: Cert/Key Length 4929 & VERIFY
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:28:09.645: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: X509 Cert Verification return code: 0
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:28:09.645: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: X509 Cert Verification result text: unable to get issuer certificate
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:28:09.645: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: Error in X509 Cert Verification at 1 depth: unable to get issuer certificate
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:28:09.646: Add Cert to ID Table: Error decoding (verify: YES) PEM certificate
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:28:09.646: Add ID Cert: Error decoding / adding cert to ID cert table (verifyChain: TRUE)
解決方案:此案例與案例2類似,但這次針對的是驗證頒發者(根CA)時的中間憑證。 在中間CA證書上執行Issuer和X509v3 Authority Key Identifier欄位驗證以驗證根CA時,可以遵循相同的說明。
此OpenSSL指令可用於驗證每個憑證的以下詳細資訊:
> openssl x509 -in int-ca.crt -text -noout
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
d1:ec:26:0e:be:f1:aa:65:7b:4a:8f:c7:d5:7f:a4:97
Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
Issuer: C=US, O=TAC Lab, CN=Wireless TAC Lab Root CA
Validity
Not Before: Apr 21 02:51:03 2020 GMT
Not After : Apr 19 02:51:03 2030 GMT
Subject: C=US, O=TAC Lab, CN=Wireless TAC Lab Sub CA
...
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:CB:A6:FF:6C:A7:D4:C3:4B:7C:A3:A9:A3:14:C3:90:8D:9B:04:A0:32
> openssl x509 -in root-ca.crt -text -noout
Certificate:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
d1:ec:26:0e:be:f1:aa:65:7b:4a:8f:c7:d5:7f:a4:96
Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
Issuer: C=US, O=TAC Lab, CN=Wireless TAC Lab Root CA
Validity
Not Before: Apr 21 02:40:24 2020 GMT
Not After : Apr 19 02:40:24 2030 GMT
Subject: C=US, O=TAC Lab, CN=Wireless TAC Lab Root CA
...
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
CB:A6:FF:6C:A7:D4:C3:4B:7C:A3:A9:A3:14:C3:90:8D:9B:04:A0:32
中間CA證書
根CA證書:
識別根CA證書後(頒發者和使用者相同),相應地繼續鏈並重新安裝。
附註:本文使用三個憑證鏈結(枝葉、中間CA、根CA),這是最常見的情況。可能會發生涉及2個中間CA證書的情況。在找到根CA證書之前,可以使用此方案中的同一准則。
案例4.憑證鏈中沒有CA憑證
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:56:50.272: Add ID Cert: Adding certificate & private key using password Cisco123
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:56:50.272: Add Cert to ID Table: Adding certificate (name: bsnSslWebauthCert) to ID table using password Cisco123
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:56:50.272: Add Cert to ID Table: Decoding PEM-encoded Certificate (verify: YES)
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:56:50.272: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: Cert/Key Length was 0, so taking string length instead
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:56:50.272: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: Cert/Key Length 3493 & VERIFY
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:56:50.273: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: X509 Cert Verification return code: 0
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:56:50.273: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: Error in X509 Cert Verification at 0 depth: unable to get local issuer certificate
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:56:50.274: Add Cert to ID Table: Error decoding (verify: YES) PEM certificate
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:56:50.274: Add WebAuth Cert: Error adding ID cert
*TransferTask: Apr 21 04:56:50.274: RESULT_STRING: Error installing certificate.
解決方案:如果檔案中除了WLC證書之外沒有其他證書,驗證在驗證深度為0時失敗。可在文本編輯器中開啟該檔案以進行驗證。可以按照案例2和案例3中的指導原則來識別到根CA的鏈條,然後相應地重新鏈條並重新安裝。
案例5.無私鑰
*TransferTask: Apr 21 05:02:34.764: Add WebAuth Cert: Adding certificate & private key using password
*TransferTask: Apr 21 05:02:34.764: Add ID Cert: Adding certificate & private key using password
*TransferTask: Apr 21 05:02:34.764: Add Cert to ID Table: Adding certificate (name: bsnSslWebauthCert) to ID table using password
*TransferTask: Apr 21 05:02:34.764: Add Cert to ID Table: Decoding PEM-encoded Certificate (verify: YES)
*TransferTask: Apr 21 05:02:34.764: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: Cert/Key Length was 0, so taking string length instead
*TransferTask: Apr 21 05:02:34.764: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: Cert/Key Length 3918 & VERIFY
*TransferTask: Apr 21 05:02:34.767: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: X509 Cert Verification return code: 1
*TransferTask: Apr 21 05:02:34.767: Decode & Verify PEM Cert: X509 Cert Verification result text: ok
*TransferTask: Apr 21 05:02:34.768: Add Cert to ID Table: Decoding PEM-encoded Private Key using password
*TransferTask: Apr 21 05:02:34.768: Retrieve CSR Key: can't open private key file for ssl cert.
*TransferTask: Apr 21 05:02:34.768: Add Cert to ID Table: No Private Key
*TransferTask: Apr 21 05:02:34.768: Add ID Cert: Error decoding / adding cert to ID cert table (verifyChain: TRUE)
*TransferTask: Apr 21 05:02:34.768: Add WebAuth Cert: Error adding ID cert
*TransferTask: Apr 21 05:02:34.768: RESULT_STRING: Error installing certificate.
解決方案:如果憑證簽署請求(CSR)是從外部產生的,且需要鏈結在檔案中,WLC會希望私人金鑰包括在檔案中。在WLC中產生CSR的情況下,請確保安裝前未重新載入WLC,否則私人金鑰會遺失。
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