設定 VXLAN
簡介
本檔案將簡要概述虛擬可擴充區域網路(VXLAN)和組態範例，以及驗證指令和輸出。
必要條件
需求
思科建議您瞭解以下主題：
- 多點傳送路由概念，例如集結點 (RP) 和平台無關多點傳送 (PIM)。
- 虛擬連接埠通道 (vPC) 概念。
本文件假設在設定 VXLAN 之前已建立 IP 路由和多點傳送路由。
採用元件
本文中的資訊係根據以下軟體和硬體版本：
- 執行 7.0(3)I1(1b) 版的 Nexus 9396s，作為 vPC 虛擬通道端點 (VTEP)
- 執行 6.0(2)U5(1) 版的 Nexus 3172
- 已安裝 LAN_ENTERPRISE_SERVICES_PKG 授權
本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除（預設）的組態來啟動。如果您的網路運作中，請確保您瞭解任何指令可能造成的影響。
背景資訊
技術
VXLAN （虛擬可擴充區域網路）- 此技術提供的乙太網路第 2 層網路服務與現今 VLAN 提供的如出一轍，但具有更高的擴充性和靈活性。
VNID（VXLAN 網路識別碼）- 用於定義廣播網域的 24 位元區段 ID。可與「VXLAN 區段 ID」互換。
VTEP（虛擬通道端點） - 這是負責執行封裝和解除封裝的裝置。
NVE（網路虛擬介面）- 進行封裝和解除封裝的邏輯介面。
什麼是VXLAN
- VXLAN技術可使用任何IP路由通訊協定，在第3層(L3)底層上重疊第2層(L2)網路。
- 此技術採用 UDP 內 MAC 封裝。
VXLAN 解決了三個主要問題：
- 1600 萬個 VNI（廣播網域）相較於傳統 VLAN 提供的 4000 個。
- 允許在 IP 網路中的任何位置擴充 L2。
- 最佳化泛濫行為。
為什麼要使用VXLAN
- VLAN 可擴充性 - VXLAN 將第 2 層區段 ID 欄位擴充為 24 位元，這可能允許同一個網路上最多有 1600 萬個不重複的 L2 區段。
- L2 區段對 L3 邊界具有彈性 - VXLAN 將一個 L2 訊框封裝在 IP UDP 標頭中，允許 L2 跨路由器邊界相鄰。
- 利用傳輸網路中的多點傳送，在 L2 區段中模擬廣播、未知的單點傳送和多點傳送的泛濫行為。
- 利用等價多重路徑 (ECMP)，透過過傳輸網路實現最佳路徑使用情況。
設定
網路圖表
組態
這些是 VXLAN 組態的專屬組態。請注意，9396-A和B位於vPC網域中，而3172-A不是。這些組態假設，使用您選擇的路由通訊協定，可充分連線至拓撲中的所有 L3 介面。本範例中使用的是開放最短路徑優先 (OSPF) 。另外還假設已透過這些相同的 L3 介面建立了多點傳送路由。
3172-A
feature ospf
feature pim
feature vn-segment-vlan-based
feature nv overlay
vlan 10
vn-segment 160010
vlan 20
vn-segment 160020
interface nve1
source-interface loopback1
member vni 160010 mcast-group 203.0.113.1
member vni 160020 mcast-group 203.0.113.1
no shutdown
interface Ethernet1/3
no switchport
ip address 192.168.1.10/30
ip router ospf 2 area 0.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
interface loopback1
ip address 192.168.2.5/32
ip router ospf 2 area 0.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
9396-A
feature ospf
feature pim
feature vn-segment-vlan-based
feature nv overlay
ip pim rp-address 192.168.1.100 group-list 224.0.0.0/4
vlan 1,10,20
vlan 10
vn-segment 160010
vlan 20
vn-segment 160020
vpc domain 1
peer-switch
peer-keepalive destination 10.122.140.99
peer-gateway
interface port-channel1
switchport mode trunk
spanning-tree port type network
vpc peer-link
interface port-channel48
switchport mode trunk
vpc 48
interface nve1
mtu 9216
no shutdown
source-interface loopback1
member vni 160010 mcast-group 203.0.113.1
member vni 160020 mcast-group 203.0.113.1
interface Ethernet1/7
no switchport
ip address 192.168.1.2/30
ip router ospf 1 area 0.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
no shutdown
interface loopback1
ip address 192.168.2.2/32
ip address 192.168.2.1/32 secondary
ip router ospf 1 area 0.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
9396-B
feature ospf
feature pim
feature vn-segment-vlan-based
feature nv overlay
ip pim rp-address 192.168.1.100 group-list 224.0.0.0/4
vlan 1,10,20
vlan 10
vn-segment 160010
vlan 20
vn-segment 160020
vpc domain 1
peer-switch
peer-keepalive destination 10.122.140.98
peer-gateway
interface port-channel1
switchport mode trunk
spanning-tree port type network
vpc peer-link
interface port-channel48
switchport mode trunk
vpc 48
interface nve1
mtu 9216
no shutdown
source-interface loopback1
member vni 160010 mcast-group 203.0.113.1
member vni 160020 mcast-group 203.0.113.1
interface Ethernet1/7
no switchport
ip address 192.168.1.6/30
ip router ospf 1 area 0.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
no shutdown
interface loopback1
ip address 192.168.2.3/32
ip address 192.168.2.1/32 secondary
ip router ospf 1 area 0.0.0.0
ip pim sparse-mode
驗證
使用本節內容，確認您的組態是否正常運作。
Cisco CLI Analyzer（僅供已註冊客戶使用）支援某些 show 指令。使用 Cisco CLI Analyzer 檢視 show 指令輸出的分析。
- show nve peers < — 流量從重疊的兩端起始之前，看不到此指令的任何輸出
- show nve vni
- show run interface nve1
- show nve internal platform interface detail（僅限 9K）
- show mac address-table
- show ip mroute detail
輸出範例
這些輸出處於穩定狀態。VTEP 對等點已發現彼此，且流量已經以封裝和解除封裝方向通過。
3172-A
3172-A# show nve peers
Interface Peer-IP Peer-State
---------------- --------------- -------------
nve1 192.168.2.1 Up
3712-A# show nve vni
Interface VNI Multicast-group VNI State
---------------- -------- --------------- ---------
nve1 160010 203.0.113.1 Up
nve1 160020 203.0.113.1 Up
3172-A# show run interface nve1
!Command: show running-config interface nve1
!Time: Sat Apr 25 15:09:13 2015
version 6.0(2)U5(1)
interface nve1
source-interface loopback1
member vni 160010 mcast-group 203.0.113.1
member vni 160020 mcast-group 203.0.113.1
no shutdown
3172-A# show nve internal platform interface detail
3172-A# show mac address-table vlan 10
Legend:
* - primary entry, G - Gateway MAC, (R) - Routed MAC, O - Overlay MAC
age - seconds since first seen,+ - primary entry using vPC Peer-Link
VLAN MAC Address Type age Secure NTFY Ports/SWID.SSID.LID
---------+-----------------+--------+---------+------+----+------------------
* 10 0000.1111.1111 dynamic 5030 F F Eth1/48
* 10 0000.2222.2222 dynamic 5010 F F nve1(192.168.2.1)
3172-A# show ip mroute detail
IP Multicast Routing Table for VRF "default"
Total number of routes: 3
Total number of (*,G) routes: 1
Total number of (S,G) routes: 1
Total number of (*,G-prefix) routes: 1
(*, 231.1.1.1/32), uptime: 3w3d, static(1) pim(0) ip(0)
Stats: 15/1539 [Packets/Bytes], 0.000 bps
Incoming interface: Ethernet1/3, RPF nbr: 192.168.1.9, uptime: 1w0d
Outgoing interface list: (count: 1)
loopback1, uptime: 3w3d, static
(192.168.2.5/32, 231.1.1.1/32), uptime: 3w3d, ip(0) mrib(1) pim(1)
Stats: 142751/9136064 [Packets/Bytes], 34.133 bps
Incoming interface: loopback1, RPF nbr: 192.168.2.5, uptime: 3w3d
Outgoing interface list: (count: 2)
Ethernet1/3, uptime: 1w0d, pim
loopback1, uptime: 3w3d, mrib, (RPF)
(*, 232.0.0.0/8), uptime: 3w3d, pim(0) ip(0)
Stats: 0/0 [Packets/Bytes], 0.000 bps
Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr: 0.0.0.0, uptime: 3w3d
Outgoing interface list: (count: 0)
9396-A
9396-A# show nve peers
Interface Peer-IP State LearnType Uptime Router-Mac
--------- --------------- ----- --------- -------- -----------------
nve1 192.168.2.5 Up DP 2d20h n/a
9396-A# show nve vni
Codes: CP - Control Plane DP - Data Plane
UC - Unconfigured SA - Suppress ARP
Interface VNI Multicast-group State Mode Type [BD/VRF] Flags
--------- -------- ----------------- ----- ---- ------------------ -----
nve1 160010 203.0.113.1 Up DP L2 [10]
nve1 160020 203.0.113.1 Up DP L2 [20]
9396-A# show run interface nve1
!Command: show running-config interface nve1
!Time: Sat Apr 25 15:20:45 2015
version 7.0(3)I1(1a)
interface nve1
mtu 9216
no shutdown
source-interface loopback1
member vni 160010 mcast-group 203.0.113.1
member vni 160020 mcast-group 203.0.113.1
9396-A# show nve internal platform interface detail
Printing details of all NVE Interfaces
|======|=========================|===============|===============|=====|=====|
|Intf |State |PriIP |SecIP |Vnis |Peers|
|======|=========================|===============|===============|=====|=====|
|nve1 |UP |192.168.2.2 |192.168.2.1 |2 |1 |
|======|=========================|===============|===============|=====|=====|
SW_BD/VNIs of interface nve1:
================================================
|======|======|=========================|======|====|======|
|Sw BD |Vni |State |Intf |Type|Vrf-ID|
|======|======|=========================|======|====|======|
|10 |160010|UP |nve1 |DP |0
|20 |160020|UP |nve1 |DP |0
|======|======|=========================|======|====|======|
Peers of interface nve1:
============================================
peer_ip: 192.168.2.5, peer_id: 1, state: UP MAC-learning: Enabled
active_swbds:
add_pending_swbds:
rem_pending_swbds:
9396-A# show mac address-table vlan 10
Legend:
* - primary entry, G - Gateway MAC, (R) - Routed MAC, O - Overlay MAC
age - seconds since last seen,+ - primary entry using vPC Peer-Link,
(T) - True, (F) - False
VLAN MAC Address Type age Secure NTFY Ports
---------+-----------------+--------+---------+------+----+------------------
+ 10 0000.1111.1111 dynamic 0 F F nve1(192.168.2.5)
* 10 0000.2222.2222 dynamic 0 F F Po48
G - 7c0e.ceca.f177 static - F F sup-eth1(R)
9396-A# show ip mroute detail
IP Multicast Routing Table for VRF "default"
Total number of routes: 4
Total number of (*,G) routes: 1
Total number of (S,G) routes: 2
Total number of (*,G-prefix) routes: 1
(*, 231.1.1.1/32), uptime: 2d21h, nve(1) ip(0) pim(0)
Data Created: No
Stats: 1/64 [Packets/Bytes], 0.000 bps
Stats: Inactive Flow
Incoming interface: Ethernet1/7, RPF nbr: 192.168.1.1
Outgoing interface list: (count: 1)
nve1, uptime: 2d21h, nve
(192.168.2.1/32, 203.0.113.1/32), uptime: 2d21h, nve(0) ip(0) mrib(0) pim(0)
Data Created: Yes
VXLAN Flags
VXLAN Encap
Stats: 1/51 [Packets/Bytes], 0.000 bps
Stats: Inactive Flow
Incoming interface: loopback1, RPF nbr: 192.168.2.1
Outgoing interface list: (count: 0)
(192.168.2.5/32, 203.0.113.1/32), uptime: 2d21h, ip(0) mrib(0) nve(1) pim(0)
Data Created: Yes
Stats: 16474/1370086 [Packets/Bytes], 13.600 bps
Stats: Active Flow
Incoming interface: Ethernet1/7, RPF nbr: 192.168.1.1
Outgoing interface list: (count: 1)
nve1, uptime: 2d21h, nve
(*, 232.0.0.0/8), uptime: 2d21h, pim(0) ip(0)
Data Created: No
Stats: 0/0 [Packets/Bytes], 0.000 bps
Stats: Inactive Flow
Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr: 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list: (count: 0)
9396-A# show vpc
Legend:
(*) - local vPC is down, forwarding via vPC peer-link
vPC domain id : 1
Peer status : peer adjacency formed ok
vPC keep-alive status : peer is alive
Configuration consistency status : success
Per-vlan consistency status : success
Type-2 consistency status : success
vPC role : secondary
Number of vPCs configured : 1
Peer Gateway : Enabled
Dual-active excluded VLANs : -
Graceful Consistency Check : Enabled
Auto-recovery status : Disabled
vPC Peer-link status
---------------------------------------------------------------------
id Port Status Active vlans
-- ---- ------ --------------------------------------------------
1 Po1 up 1,10,20
vPC status
----------------------------------------------------------------------
id Port Status Consistency Reason Active vlans
-- ---- ------ ----------- ------ ------------
48 Po48 up success success 1,10
9396-B
9396-B# show nve peers
Interface Peer-IP State LearnType Uptime Router-Mac
--------- --------------- ----- --------- -------- -----------------
nve1 192.168.2.5 Up DP 1w0d n/a
9396-B# show nve vni
Codes: CP - Control Plane DP - Data Plane
UC - Unconfigured SA - Suppress ARP
Interface VNI Multicast-group State Mode Type [BD/VRF] Flags
--------- -------- ----------------- ----- ---- ------------------ -----
nve1 160010 203.0.113.1 Up DP L2 [10]
nve1 160020 203.0.113.1 Up DP L2 [20]
9396-B# show run interface nve1
!Command: show running-config interface nve1
!Time: Sat Apr 25 15:23:25 2015
version 7.0(3)I1(1b)
interface nve1
mtu 9216
no shutdown
source-interface loopback1
member vni 160010 mcast-group 203.0.113.1
member vni 160020 mcast-group 203.0.113.1
9396-B# show nve internal platform interface detail
Printing details of all NVE Interfaces
|======|=========================|===============|===============|=====|=====|
|Intf |State |PriIP |SecIP |Vnis |Peers|
|======|=========================|===============|===============|=====|=====|
|nve1 |UP |192.168.2.3 |192.168.2.1 |2 |1 |
|======|=========================|===============|===============|=====|=====|
SW_BD/VNIs of interface nve1:
================================================
|======|======|=========================|======|====|======|
|Sw BD |Vni |State |Intf |Type|Vrf-ID|
|======|======|=========================|======|====|======|
|10 |160010|UP |nve1 |DP |0
|20 |160020|UP |nve1 |DP |0
|======|======|=========================|======|====|======|
Peers of interface nve1:
============================================
peer_ip: 192.168.2.5, peer_id: 1, state: UP MAC-learning: Enabled
active_swbds:
add_pending_swbds:
rem_pending_swbds:
9396-B# show mac address-table vlan 10
Legend:
* - primary entry, G - Gateway MAC, (R) - Routed MAC, O - Overlay MAC
age - seconds since last seen,+ - primary entry using vPC Peer-Link,
(T) - True, (F) - False
VLAN MAC Address Type age Secure NTFY Ports
---------+-----------------+--------+---------+------+----+------------------
* 10 0000.1111.1111 dynamic 0 F F nve1(192.168.2.5)
+ 10 0000.2222.2222 dynamic 0 F F Po48
G - 58f3.9ca3.64dd static - F F sup-eth1(R)
9396-B# show ip mroute detail
IP Multicast Routing Table for VRF "default"
Total number of routes: 4
Total number of (*,G) routes: 1
Total number of (S,G) routes: 2
Total number of (*,G-prefix) routes: 1
(*, 231.1.1.1/32), uptime: 2w1d, nve(1) ip(0) pim(0)
Data Created: No
VXLAN Flags
VXLAN Decap
VPC Flags
RPF-Source Forwarder
Stats: 1/64 [Packets/Bytes], 0.000 bps
Stats: Inactive Flow
Incoming interface: Ethernet1/7, RPF nbr: 192.168.1.5
Outgoing interface list: (count: 1)
nve1, uptime: 2w1d, nve
(192.168.2.1/32, 203.0.113.1/32), uptime: 2w1d, nve(0) ip(0) mrib(0) pim(1)
Data Created: Yes
VXLAN Flags
VXLAN Encap
VPC Flags
RPF-Source Forwarder
Stats: 5/511 [Packets/Bytes], 0.000 bps
Stats: Inactive Flow
Incoming interface: loopback1, RPF nbr: 192.168.2.1
Outgoing interface list: (count: 1)
Ethernet1/7, uptime: 1w0d, pim
(192.168.2.5/32, 203.0.113.1/32), uptime: 2w1d, ip(0) mrib(0) pim(0) nve(1)
Data Created: Yes
VXLAN Flags
VXLAN Decap
VPC Flags
RPF-Source Forwarder
Stats: 86621/7241564 [Packets/Bytes], 13.600 bps
Stats: Active Flow
Incoming interface: Ethernet1/7, RPF nbr: 192.168.1.5
Outgoing interface list: (count: 1)
nve1, uptime: 2w1d, nve
(*, 232.0.0.0/8), uptime: 2w1d, pim(0) ip(0)
Data Created: No
Stats: 0/0 [Packets/Bytes], 0.000 bps
Stats: Inactive Flow
Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr: 0.0.0.0
Outgoing interface list: (count: 0)
9396-B# show vpc
Legend:
(*) - local vPC is down, forwarding via vPC peer-link
vPC domain id : 1
Peer status : peer adjacency formed ok
vPC keep-alive status : peer is alive
Configuration consistency status : success
Per-vlan consistency status : success
Type-2 consistency status : success
vPC role : primary
Number of vPCs configured : 1
Peer Gateway : Enabled
Dual-active excluded VLANs : -
Graceful Consistency Check : Enabled
Auto-recovery status : Disabled
vPC Peer-link status
---------------------------------------------------------------------
id Port Status Active vlans
-- ---- ------ --------------------------------------------------
1 Po1 up 1,10,20
vPC status
----------------------------------------------------------------------
id Port Status Consistency Reason Active vlans
-- ---- ------ ----------- ------ ------------
48 Po48 up success success 1,10
VXLAN 封包擷取
封包擷取 (PCAP) 來自上一個拓撲，其中包含網路圖中所顯示拓撲的 OSPF hello、PIM 加入/註冊和 VXLAN 封裝流量。您可以注意到有一些網際網路控制訊息協定(ICMP)旗標，例如「無回應」。這是因為在 RP 上完成監控作業階段的性質。
監控作業階段包含的介面 Eth4/17-18 和 Eth4/20，因此會拋出一些給 Wireshark。重要的資訊為格式和旗標。
BUM（廣播、未知單點傳播、多點傳送）流量可以傳至mcast群組。
單點傳播流量接著傳至遠端VTEP回送IP。
疑難排解
目前尚無特定資訊可用於排解此組態的疑難問題。
相關資訊
修訂記錄
| 修訂 | 發佈日期 | 意見 |
|---|---|---|
2.0 |
15-Nov-2022 |
已更新簡介錯誤、法律免責宣告、雜文、機器翻譯、SEO、樣式要求和格式。 |
1.0 |
10-Jul-2015 |
初始版本 |
意見