使用 OSPFv3 組態範例

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已更新: 2023 年 3 月 9 日
文件 ID:112100

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關於此翻譯

思科已使用電腦和人工技術翻譯本文件，讓全世界的使用者能夠以自己的語言理解支援內容。請注意，即使是最佳機器翻譯，也不如專業譯者翻譯的內容準確。Cisco Systems, Inc. 對這些翻譯的準確度概不負責，並建議一律查看原始英文文件（提供連結）。

    簡介

    本文說明如何在介面上針對 IPv6 啟用優先開啟最短路徑 (OSPF) 版本 3。 

    必要條件

    需求

    在介面上為IPv6啟用OSPF之前，必須：

    • 完成OSPF網路策略並規劃IPv6網路。例如，確定是否需要多個區域。

    • 啟用IPv6單播路由。

    • 在介面上啟用IPv6。

    • 在OSPF for IPv6上配置IP安全(IPsec)安全套接字應用程式介面(API)，以啟用身份驗證和加密。

    採用元件

    本文件所述內容不限於特定軟體和硬體版本。

    本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除（預設）的組態來啟動。如果您的網路運作中，請確保您瞭解任何指令可能造成的影響。

    慣例

    如需文件慣例的詳細資訊，請參閱思科技術提示慣例。

    背景資訊

    開放最短路徑優先 (OSPF) 是一種 IP 路由通訊協定。它是鏈路狀態協定，與距離向量協定相反。

    鏈路狀態協定根據連線源電腦和目的電腦的鏈路狀態做出路由決策。

    鏈路的狀態描述該介面及其與其相鄰網路裝置的關係。

    介面資訊包括介面的IPv6字首、網路掩碼、所連線的網路型別、所連線的路由器等。

    此資訊在各種型別的鏈路狀態通告(LSA)中傳播。RFC 2740中介紹的OSPF第3版支援IPv6。

    設定

    本節提供用於設定本文件中所述功能的資訊。

    附註：使用命令查詢工具/a>查詢有關本文檔中使用的命令的詳細資訊。 

    附註：只有註冊思科使用者才能訪問內部思科工具和資訊。

    網路圖表

    此文件使用以下網路設定：

    Network Diagram網路圖表

    組態

    這是圖中所示路由器的OSPFv3配置：

    末節路由器 
    ipv6 unicast-routing
ipv6 cef
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 no ip address
 ipv6 address FD01:ABAB::/64 eui-64
     ipv6 enable
 ipv6 ospf 1 area 2
     ipv6 ospf network point-to-point
!
ipv6 router ospf 1
 router-id 10.3.3.3
 area 2 stub
!
    ABR1路由器 
    ipv6 unicast-routing
ipv6 cef
!
interface GigabitEthernet1
 no ip address
 speed auto
 ipv6 address FD03::1/124
 ipv6 enable
 ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
!
interface GigabitEthernet2
 no ip address
 ipv6 address FD02:ABAB::/64 eui-64
 ipv6 enable
 ipv6 ospf 1 area 2
     ipv6 ospf network point-to-point
!
ipv6 router ospf 1
 router-id 10.1.1.1
 area 2 stub no-summary
!
    ASBR路由器 
    ipv6 unicast-routing
ipv6 cef
!
interface GigabitEthernet1
 no ip address
 ipv6 address FD03::2/124
 ipv6 enable
 ipv6 ospf 1 area 0
!
interface GigabitEthernet2
 no ip address
 ipv6 address FD03::1:1/124
 ipv6 enable
 ipv6 rip EXT enable
!
ipv6 router ospf 1
 router-id 10.2.2.2
 default-metric 25
 redistribute rip EXT metric-type 1 include-connected
!
ipv6 router rip EXT
 redistribute ospf 1 match internal external 1 external 2 include-connected
!
    外部路由器 
    ipv6 unicast-routing
    ipv6 cef
!
interface Loopback0
 no ip address
 ipv6 address FD04:ABAB::/64 eui-64
 ipv6 enable
 ipv6 rip EXT enable
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 no ip address
 ipv6 address FD03::1:2/124
 ipv6 enable
 ipv6 rip EXT enable
!
ipv6 router rip EXT

    驗證

    使用本節內容，確認您的組態是否正常運作。

    Output Interpreter工具支援某些show命令。使用OIT檢視show命令輸出的分析。

    show ipv6 ospf database 命令顯示路由器的鏈路狀態資料庫(LSDB)。

    附註：只有完成註冊的思科使用者能存取思科內部工具與資訊。

    Stub_Router#show ipv6 ospf database 

            OSPFv3 Router with ID (10.3.3.3) (Process ID 1)

                Router Link States (Area 2)

ADV Router       Age         Seq#        Fragment ID  Link count  Bits
 10.1.1.1        5           0x8000000F  0            1           B
 10.3.3.3        38          0x8000000E  0            1           None

                Inter Area Prefix Link States (Area 2)

ADV Router       Age         Seq#        Prefix
 10.1.1.1        5           0x80000002  ::/0

                Link (Type-8) Link States (Area 2)

ADV Router       Age         Seq#        Link ID    Interface
 10.1.1.1        5           0x8000000A  8          Gi0/0
 10.3.3.3        292         0x80000005  2          Gi0/0

                Intra Area Prefix Link States (Area 2)

ADV Router       Age         Seq#        Link ID    Ref-lstype  Ref-LSID
 10.1.1.1        5           0x8000000B  0          0x2001      0
 10.3.3.3        548         0x80000002  0          0x2001      0

    show ipv6 ospf database router 命令會顯示路由器發出和接收的Router LSA。路由器LSA沒有地址或字首資訊。

    Stub_Router#show ipv6 ospf database router

            OSPFv3 Router with ID (10.3.3.3) (Process ID 1)

                Router Link States (Area 2)

  Routing Bit Set on this LSA
  LS age: 141
  Options: (V6-Bit, R-Bit, DC-Bit)
  LS Type: Router Links
  Link State ID: 0
  Advertising Router: 10.1.1.1
  LS Seq Number: 8000000F
  Checksum: 0x9C2C
  Length: 40
  Area Border Router
  Number of Links: 1

    Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)
      Link Metric: 1
      Local Interface ID: 8
      Neighbor Interface ID: 2
      Neighbor Router ID: 10.3.3.3

          
  LS age: 174
  Options: (V6-Bit, R-Bit, DC-Bit)
  LS Type: Router Links
  Link State ID: 0
  Advertising Router: 10.3.3.3
  LS Seq Number: 8000000E
  Checksum: 0xBBF
  Length: 40
  Number of Links: 1

    Link connected to: another Router (point-to-point)
      Link Metric: 1
      Local Interface ID: 2
      Neighbor Interface ID: 8
      Neighbor Router ID: 10.1.1.1

    LSA帶有具有以下位的Options欄位：

    • V6位 — 表示路由器/鏈路是否必須用於路由計算。

    • R位元 — 這是「路由器位元」。 指示發起方是否為活動路由器。

    • DC位 — 表示請求電路的路由器處理。

    show ipv6 ospf database link self-originate 命令顯示鏈路LSA帶有鏈路特定地址。

    Stub_Router#show ipv6 ospf database link self-originate 

            OSPFv3 Router with ID (10.3.3.3) (Process ID 1)

                Link (Type-8) Link States (Area 2)

  LS age: 650
  Options: (V6-Bit, R-Bit, DC-Bit)
  LS Type: Link-LSA (Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0)
  Link State ID: 2 (Interface ID)
  Advertising Router: 10.3.3.3
  LS Seq Number: 80000005
  Checksum: 0x8578
  Length: 56
  Router Priority: 1
  Link Local Address: FE80::5054:FF:FE00:3A
  Number of Prefixes: 1
  Prefix Address: FD01:ABAB::
  Prefix Length: 64, Options: None

    由於末節路由器屬於完全末節區域，因此ABR1路由器只向末節路由器傳送預設路由。

    Stub_Router#show ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - default - 5 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
       B - BGP, HA - Home Agent, MR - Mobile Router, R - RIP
       H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea
       IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, NM - NEMO
       ND - ND Default, NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination, NDr - Redirect
       RL - RPL, O - OSPF Intra, OI - OSPF Inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1
       OE2 - OSPF ext 2, ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2
       la - LISP alt, lr - LISP site-registrations, ld - LISP dyn-eid
       lA - LISP away, a - Application
OI ::/0 [110/2] via FE80::5054:FF:FE00:15, GigabitEthernet0/0
C   FD01:ABAB::/64 [0/0]
     via GigabitEthernet0/0, directly connected
L   FD01:ABAB::5054:FF:FE00:3A/128 [0/0]
     via GigabitEthernet0/0, receive
O   FD02:ABAB::/64 [110/2]
     via FE80::5054:FF:FE00:15, GigabitEthernet0/0
L   FF00::/8 [0/0]
     via Null0, receive

    ABR1路由器是區域邊界路由器。

    ABR1#show ipv6 ospf 
 Routing Process "ospfv3 1" with ID 10.1.1.1
 Supports NSSA (compatible with RFC 3101)
 Supports Database Exchange Summary List Optimization (RFC 5243)
 Event-log enabled, Maximum number of events: 1000, Mode: cyclic
 It is an area border router
 Router is not originating router-LSAs with maximum metric
 Initial SPF schedule delay 50 msecs
 Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs 200 msecs
 Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs 5000 msecs
 Initial LSA throttle delay 50 msecs
 Minimum hold time for LSA throttle 200 msecs
 Maximum wait time for LSA throttle 5000 msecs
 Minimum LSA arrival 100 msecs
 LSA group pacing timer 240 secs
 Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs
 Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs
 Retransmission limit dc 24 non-dc 24
 EXCHANGE/LOADING adjacency limit: initial 300, process maximum 300
 Number of external LSA 2. Checksum Sum 0x011699
 Number of areas in this router is 2. 1 normal 1 stub 0 nssa
 Graceful restart helper support enabled
 Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
 RFC1583 compatibility enabled
    Area BACKBONE(0)
        Number of interfaces in this area is 1
        SPF algorithm executed 17 times
        Number of LSA 8. Checksum Sum 0x05579B
        Number of DCbitless LSA 0
        Number of indication LSA 0
        Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
        Flood list length 0
    Area 2
        Number of interfaces in this area is 1
        It is a stub area, no summary LSA in this area
        Generates stub default route with cost 1
        SPF algorithm executed 20 times
        Number of LSA 7. Checksum Sum 0x0380EA
        Number of DCbitless LSA 0
        Number of indication LSA 0
        Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
        Flood list length 0

    ABR1路由器從ASBR路由器接收外部路由（RIP路由）。

    ABR1#show ipv6 route
IPv6 Routing Table - default - 8 entries
Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, U - Per-user Static route
       B - BGP, R - RIP, H - NHRP, I1 - ISIS L1
       I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary, D - EIGRP
       EX - EIGRP external, ND - ND Default, NDp - ND Prefix, DCE - Destination
       NDr - Redirect, RL - RPL, O - OSPF Intra, OI - OSPF Inter
       OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2, ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1
       ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2, la - LISP alt, lr - LISP site-registrations
       ld - LISP dyn-eid, lA - LISP away, le - LISP extranet-policy
       lp - LISP publications, a - Application, m - OMP
O   FD01:ABAB::/64 [110/2]
     via FE80::5054:FF:FE00:3A, GigabitEthernet2
C   FD02:ABAB::/64 [0/0]
     via GigabitEthernet2, directly connected
L   FD02:ABAB::5054:FF:FE00:15/128 [0/0]
     via GigabitEthernet2, receive
C   FD03::/124 [0/0]
     via GigabitEthernet1, directly connected
L   FD03::1/128 [0/0]
     via GigabitEthernet1, receive
OE1 FD03::1:0/124 [110/26] via FE80::5054:FF:FE00:3E, GigabitEthernet1 OE1 FD04:ABAB::/64 [110/26] via FE80::5054:FF:FE00:3E, GigabitEthernet1
L   FF00::/8 [0/0]
     via Null0, receive

    ASBR路由器是網路的自治系統邊界路由器。它通過Serial 0/0介面連線到RIP網路。

    ASBR#show ipv6 ospf 
 Routing Process "ospfv3 1" with ID 10.2.2.2
 Supports NSSA (compatible with RFC 3101)
 Supports Database Exchange Summary List Optimization (RFC 5243)
 Event-log enabled, Maximum number of events: 1000, Mode: cyclic
 It is an autonomous system boundary router
 Redistributing External Routes (with default metric 25) from,
    rip EXT with metric-type 1 include-connected
 Router is not originating router-LSAs with maximum metric
 Initial SPF schedule delay 50 msecs
 Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs 200 msecs
 Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs 5000 msecs
 Initial LSA throttle delay 50 msecs
 Minimum hold time for LSA throttle 200 msecs
 Maximum wait time for LSA throttle 5000 msecs
 Minimum LSA arrival 100 msecs
 LSA group pacing timer 240 secs
 Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs
 Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs
 Retransmission limit dc 24 non-dc 24
 EXCHANGE/LOADING adjacency limit: initial 300, process maximum 300
 Number of external LSA 2. Checksum Sum 0x011699
 Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
 Graceful restart helper support enabled
 Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
 RFC1583 compatibility enabled
    Area BACKBONE(0)
        Number of interfaces in this area is 1
        SPF algorithm executed 10 times
        Number of LSA 8. Checksum Sum 0x05579B
        Number of DCbitless LSA 0
        Number of indication LSA 0
        Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
        Flood list length 0

    ASBR#show ipv6 rip
RIP process "EXT", port 521, multicast-group FF02::9, pid 678
     Administrative distance is 120. Maximum paths is 16
     Updates every 30 seconds, expire after 180
     Holddown lasts 0 seconds, garbage collect after 120
     Split horizon is on; poison reverse is off
     Default routes are not generated
     Periodic updates 267, trigger updates 11
     Full Advertisement 1, Delayed Events 0
  Interfaces:
    GigabitEthernet2
  Redistribution:
    Redistributing protocol ospf 1 with transparent metric (internal, external 1 & 2, ) include-connected

    疑難排解

    本節內容可協助您疑難排解組態問題。

    附註：使用 debug 指令之前，請先參閱有關 Debug 指令的重要資訊。

    debug ipv6

    一旦在末節路由器上啟用了OSPFv3，它就會向FF02::5組播地址傳送OSPFv3第1類Hello消息。收到來自ABR1路由器的Hello資料包後，它們會協商主/次關係，然後開始傳送DBD資料包。

    Stub_Router#debug ipv6 ospf events
Stub_Router#debug ipv6 ospf packet
    Stub_Router#debug ipv6 ospf adj
    *Mar  8 17:47:01.324: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 PAK  : Gi0/0: OUT: FE80::5054:FF:FE00:3A->FF02::5: ver:3 type:1 len:36 rid:10.3.3.3 area:0.0.0.2 chksum:A0F9 inst:0
*Mar  8 17:47:03.307: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 PAK  : Gi0/0:  IN: FE80::5054:FF:FE00:15->FF02::5: ver:3 type:1 len:36 rid:10.1.1.1 area:0.0.0.2 chksum:A31C inst:0
*Mar  8 17:47:03.308: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 ADJ   Gi0/0: Added 10.1.1.1 to nbr list
*Mar  8 17:47:03.308: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 PAK  : Gi0/0: OUT: FE80::5054:FF:FE00:3A->FE80::5054:FF:FE00:15: ver:3 type:1 len:40 rid:10.3.3.3 area:0.0.0.2 chksum:470D inst:0
*Mar  8 17:47:03.320: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 PAK  : Gi0/0:  IN: FE80::5054:FF:FE00:15->FE80::5054:FF:FE00:3A: ver:3 type:1 len:40 rid:10.1.1.1 area:0.0.0.2 chksum:4707 inst:0
*Mar  8 17:47:03.321: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 ADJ   Gi0/0: 2 Way Communication to 10.1.1.1, state 2WAY
*Mar  8 17:47:03.321: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 ADJ   Gi0/0: Nbr 10.1.1.1: Prepare dbase exchange
*Mar  8 17:47:03.322: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 ADJ   Gi0/0: Send DBD to 10.1.1.1 seq 0x983C9C0 opt 0x11 flag 0x7 len 28
*Mar  8 17:47:03.322: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 PAK  : Gi0/0: OUT: FE80::5054:FF:FE00:3A->FE80::5054:FF:FE00:15: ver:3 type:2 len:28 rid:10.3.3.3 area:0.0.0.2 chksum:7A33 inst:0
*Mar  8 17:47:03.328: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 PAK  : Gi0/0:  IN: FE80::5054:FF:FE00:15->FE80::5054:FF:FE00:3A: ver:3 type:2 len:148 rid:10.1.1.1 area:0.0.0.2 chksum:141A inst:0
*Mar  8 17:47:03.329: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 ADJ   Gi0/0: Rcv DBD from 10.1.1.1 seq 0x983C9C0 opt 0x11 flag 0x2 len 148 mtu 1500 state EXSTART
*Mar  8 17:47:03.330: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 ADJ   Gi0/0: NBR Negotiation Done. We are the MASTER
*Mar  8 17:47:03.330: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 ADJ   Gi0/0: Nbr 10.1.1.1: Summary list built, size 7
*Mar  8 17:47:03.331: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 ADJ   Gi0/0: Send DBD to 10.1.1.1 seq 0x983C9C1 opt 0x11 flag 0x1 len 128
*Mar  8 17:47:03.331: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 PAK  : Gi0/0: OUT: FE80::5054:FF:FE00:3A->FE80::5054:FF:FE00:15: ver:3 type:2 len:128 rid:10.3.3.3 area:0.0.0.2 chksum:F771 inst:0
*Mar  8 17:47:03.334: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 PAK  : Gi0/0:  IN: FE80::5054:FF:FE00:15->FE80::5054:FF:FE00:3A: ver:3 type:3 len:64 rid:10.1.1.1 area:0.0.0.2 chksum:C6FA inst:0
*Mar  8 17:47:03.335: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 PAK  : Gi0/0:  IN: FE80::5054:FF:FE00:15->FE80::5054:FF:FE00:3A: ver:3 type:2 len:28 rid:10.1.1.1 area:0.0.0.2 chksum:7C3D inst:0

    交換DBD資料包後，路由器會傳送鏈路狀態請求(LS REQ)和鏈路狀態更新(LS UPD)消息以構建其LSDB。在連續的LS REQ和LS UPD消息之後，當狀態達到FULL時，路由器繼續交換Hello資料包。

    Stub_Router#
    *Mar  8 17:47:03.337: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 ADJ   Gi0/0: Rcv LS REQ from 10.1.1.1 length 64 LSA count 4
*Mar  8 17:47:03.337: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 ADJ   Gi0/0: Send LS UPD to FE80::5054:FF:FE00:15 length 172 LSA count 4
*Mar  8 17:47:03.338: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 PAK  : Gi0/0: OUT: FE80::5054:FF:FE00:3A->FE80::5054:FF:FE00:15: ver:3 type:4 len:172 rid:10.3.3.3 area:0.0.0.2 chksum:D2CE inst:0
*Mar  8 17:47:03.339: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 ADJ   Gi0/0: Rcv DBD from 10.1.1.1 seq 0x983C9C1 opt 0x11 flag 0x0 len 28 mtu 1500 state EXCHANGE
*Mar  8 17:47:03.339: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 ADJ   Gi0/0: Exchange Done with 10.1.1.1 *Mar  8 17:47:03.340: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 ADJ   Gi0/0: Send LS REQ to 10.1.1.1 length 40
*Mar  8 17:47:03.340: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 PAK  : Gi0/0: OUT: FE80::5054:FF:FE00:3A->FE80::5054:FF:FE00:15: ver:3 type:3 len:40 rid:10.3.3.3 area:0.0.0.2 chksum:FD46 inst:0
*Mar  8 17:47:03.343: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 PAK  : Gi0/0:  IN: FE80::5054:FF:FE00:15->FE80::5054:FF:FE00:3A: ver:3 type:4 len:72 rid:10.1.1.1 area:0.0.0.2 chksum:825E inst:0
*Mar  8 17:47:03.345: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 ADJ   Gi0/0: Rcv LS UPD from Nbr ID 10.1.1.1 length 72 LSA count 2
*Mar  8 17:47:03.345: OSPFv3-1-IPv6 ADJ   Gi0/0: Synchronized with 10.1.1.1, state FULL
*Mar  8 17:47:03.346: %OSPFv3-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 10.1.1.1 on GigabitEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

    相關資訊

    修訂記錄

    修訂 發佈日期 意見
    3.0
    09-Mar-2023
    已替換所有輸出代碼。重新認證。
    1.0
    10-Aug-2010
    初始版本
    TAC Authored

    由思科工程師貢獻

    • Julio Jimenez
      Cisco Project Manager

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