使用下一跳命令配置基于策略的路由

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已更新: 2023 年 11 月 20 日
文档 ID:47121

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    简介

    本文档介绍如何使用set ip default next-hop和set ip next-hop命令配置基于策略的路由(PBR)。

    先决条件

    要求

    本文档没有任何特定的要求。

    使用的组件

    本文档中的信息基于支持基于策略的路由的软件。

    您可以使用Cisco Feature Navigator确定此配置支持哪些硬件和软件。

    注意：只有注册的思科用户才能访问内部工具和信息。

    本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态，请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。

    规则

    有关文档规则的详细信息，请参阅 Cisco 技术提示规则。

    背景信息

    本文档使用set ip default next-hop和set ip next-hop命令为基于策略的路由(PBR)提供了示例配置。

    set ip default next-hop命令验证路由表中是否存在目的IP地址，并且：

    • 如果目标 IP 地址存在，则该命令不对数据包进行策略路由，而是基于路由表转发数据包。

    • 如果目标IP地址不存在，则命令策略会路由数据包并将其发送到指定的下一跳。

    set ip next-hop命令验证指定的下一跳是否存在，并且：

    • 如果下一跳在路由表中存在，则该命令将数据包策略路由到下一跳。

    • 如果下一跳在路由表中不存在，则该命令使用普通路由表转发数据包。

    配置

    本节提供配置本文档所述功能的信息。

    网络图

    本文档使用以下网络设置：

    PBR TopologyPBR拓扑

    案例分析 1：使用set ip default next-hop命令和动态路由协议的策略路由

    本部分使用以下配置：

    R1 
    R1#show running-config 
Building configuration...
!
!
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 10.100.100.1 255.255.255.0
 ip policy route-map blah
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial2/0
 ip address 10.20.20.1 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
  
!--- OSPF is not configured on Serial1/0.

 log-adjacency-changes
 network 10.20.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 network 10.100.100.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
no ip http server
!
access-list 100 permit ip host 10.100.100.3 host 10.200.200.4
!
route-map blah permit 10
 match ip address 100
 set ip default next-hop 10.10.10.2
!
end
    R2 
    R2#show running-config 
Building configuration...
!
!
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 10.200.200.2 255.255.255.0
 ip policy route-map blah
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.0
 fair-queue
!
interface Serial2/0
 ip address 10.20.20.2 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
 
!--- OSPF is not configured on Serial1/0.

 log-adjacency-changes
 network 10.20.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 network 10.200.200.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
no ip http server
!
access-list 100 permit ip host 10.200.200.4 host 10.100.100.3
!
route-map blah permit 10
 match ip address 100
 set ip default next-hop 10.10.10.1
!
end

    验证案例分析 1

    使用命令set ip default next-hop时，当目标路由存在于路由表中时，使用正常转发 — 不策略路由数据包。

    R1#show ip route 10.200.200.4 
   Routing entry for 10.200.200.0/24
   Known via "ospf 1", distance 110, metric 74, type intra area
   Last update from 10.20.20.2 on Serial2/0, 00:11:48 ago
   Routing Descriptor Blocks:
   * 10.20.20.2, from 10.30.30.3, 00:11:48 ago, via Serial2/0
   Route metric is 74, traffic share count is 1

R1#debug ip policy 
  Policy routing debugging is on
*Dec 4 12:50:57.363: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 4 12:50:57.363: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 4 12:50:57.363: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial2/0), len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding
*Dec 4 12:50:57.431: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 4 12:50:57.431: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 4 12:50:57.431: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial2/0), len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding
*Dec 4 12:50:57.491: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 4 12:50:57.491: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 4 12:50:57.491: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial2/0), len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding
  
R2#show ip route 10.100.100.3
  Routing entry for 10.100.100.0/24
  Known via "ospf 1", distance 110, metric 74, type intra area
  Last update from 10.20.20.1 on Serial2/0, 00:11:42 ago
  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
  * 10.20.20.1, from 10.100.100.1, 00:11:42 ago, via Serial2/0
      Route metric is 74, traffic share count is 1

R2#debug ip policy 
  Policy routing debugging is on
*Dec 4 12:50:57.779: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3, len 100, policy match
*Dec 4 12:50:57.779: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 4 12:50:57.779: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3 (Serial2/0), len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding
*Dec 4 12:50:57.839: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3, len 100, policy match
*Dec 4 12:50:57.839: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 4 12:50:57.839: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3 (Serial2/0), len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding
*Dec 4 12:50:57.911: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3, len 100, policy match
*Dec 4 12:50:57.911: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 4 12:50:57.911: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3 (Serial2/0), len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding

    Serial 2/0 关闭并且目标地址从路由表消失时，对数据包进行策略路由。

    R1#show ip route 10.200.200.0
% Network not in table
R1#
*Dec 5 13:26:27.567: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:26:27.567: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:26:27.567: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0),len 100, policy routed
*Dec 5 13:26:27.567: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2
*Dec 5 13:26:27.655: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:26:27.655: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:26:27.655: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0),len 100, policy routed
*Dec 5 13:26:27.655: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2
*Dec 5 13:26:27.727: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:26:27.727: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:26:27.727: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0),len 100, policy routed
*Dec 5 13:26:27.727: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2

    案例分析 2：使用动态路由协议的set ip next-hop命令进行策略路由

    本部分使用以下配置：

    R1 
    R1#show running-config 
Building configuration...
!
    !
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 10.100.100.1 255.255.255.0
 ip policy route-map blah
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial2/0
 ip address 10.20.20.1 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
 
!--- OSPF is not configured on Serial1/0.

 log-adjacency-changes
 network 10.20.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 network 10.100.100.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
no ip http server
!
access-list 100 permit ip host 10.100.100.3 host 10.200.200.4
!
route-map blah permit 10
 match ip address 100
 set ip next-hop 10.10.10.2
!
end
    R2 
    R2#show running-config 
Building configuration...
!
    !
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 10.200.200.2 255.255.255.0
 ip policy route-map blah
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.0
 fair-queue
!
interface Serial2/0
 ip address 10.20.20.2 255.255.255.0
!
router ospf 1
 
!--- OSPF is not configured on Serial1/0.

 log-adjacency-changes
 network 10.20.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 network 10.200.200.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
no ip http server
!
!
!
access-list 100 permit ip host 10.200.200.4 host 10.100.100.3
!
route-map blah permit 10
 match ip address 100
 set ip next-hop 10.10.10.1
!
end

    验证案例分析 2

    通过使用命令set ip next-hop，路由器会验证路由表中是否存在下一跳10.10.10.2。如果目的路由在路由表中存在，则下一跳可访问时对数据包进行策略路由。

    R1#show ip route 10.10.10.2
Routing entry for 10.10.10.0/24
  Known via "connected", distance 0, metric 0 (connected, via interface)
  Routing Descriptor Blocks:
  * directly connected, via Serial1/0
      Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1

    R1#show ip route 10.200.200.4 
    Routing entry for 10.200.200.0/24 
    Known via "ospf 1", distance 110, metric 74, 
    type intra area Last update from 10.20.20.2 on Serial2/0, 00:11:48 ago 
    Routing Descriptor Blocks: * 10.20.20.2, from 10.30.30.3, 00:11:48 ago, 
    via Serial2/0 Route metric is 74, traffic share count is 1 
    R1#debug ip policy Policy routing debugging is on 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.271: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.271: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.271: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
    d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0), len 100, policy routed *Dec 4 12:53:38.271: 
    IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2 *Dec 4 12:53:38.355: 
    IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match *Dec 4 12:53:38.355: 
    IP: route map blah, item 10, permit *Dec 4 12:53:38.355: 
    IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0), len 100, policy routed 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.355: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.483: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.483: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit 
    R2#show ip route 10.100.100.3 Routing entry for 10.100.100.0/24 Known via "ospf 1", 
    distance 110, metric 74, type intra area Last update from 10.20.20.1 on Serial2/0, 
    00:11:42 ago Routing Descriptor Blocks: * 10.20.20.1, from 10.100.100.1, 00:11:42 ago, 
    via Serial2/0 Route metric is 74, traffic share count is 1 R2#debug ip policy 
    Policy routing debugging is on *Dec 4 12:53:38.691: 
    IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), d=10.100.100.3, len 100, policy match *Dec 4 12:53:38.691: 
    IP: route map blah, item 10, permit *Dec 4 12:53:38.691: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
    d=10.100.100.3 (Serial1/0), len 100, policy routed 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.691: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.1 *Dec 4 12:53:38.799: 
    IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), d=10.100.100.3, len 100, policy match 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.799: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.799: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), d=10.100.100.3 (Serial1/0), len 100, policy routed 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.799: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.1 *Dec 4 12:53:38.899: 
    IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
    d=10.100.100.3, len 100, policy match 
    *Dec 4 12:53:38.899: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit

    目标 IP 地址从路由消失时，对数据包进行策略路由。

    *Dec 5 13:33:23.607: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:33:23.607: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:33:23.607: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0),len 100, policy routed
*Dec 5 13:33:23.607: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2
*Dec 5 13:33:23.707: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:33:23.707: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:33:23.707: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0),len 100, policy routed
*Dec 5 13:33:23.707: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2
*Dec 5 13:33:23.847: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:33:23.847: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit

    当Serial 1/0接口关闭时，路由表中将丢失下一跳10.10.10.2，数据包将跟踪正常的路由表。

    *Dec 5 13:40:38.887: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:40:38.887: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:40:38.887: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial2/0), len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding
*Dec 5 13:40:39.047: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0),
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:40:39.047: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:40:39.047: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial2/0), len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding
*Dec 5 13:40:39.115: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:40:39.115: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:40:39.115: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial2/0), len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding

    案例分析 3：策略路由，使用set ip default next-hop和默认路由

    本部分使用以下配置：

    R1 
    R1#show running-config 
Building configuration...
!
    !
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 10.100.100.1 255.255.255.0
 ip policy route-map blah
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial2/0
 ip address 10.20.20.1 255.255.255.0
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.20.20.2
!
ip classless
no ip http server
!
access-list 100 permit ip host 10.100.100.3 host 10.200.200.4
!
route-map blah permit 10
 match ip address 100
 set ip default next-hop 10.10.10.2
!
end
    R2 
    R2#show running-config 
Building configuration...
!
!
interface Ethernet0/0
 ip address 10.200.200.2 255.255.255.0
 ip policy route-map blah
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.0
 fair-queue
!
interface Serial2/0
 ip address 10.20.20.2 255.255.255.0
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.20.20.1
!
ip classless
no ip http server
!
!
!
access-list 100 permit ip host 10.200.200.4 host 10.100.100.3
!
route-map blah permit 10
 match ip address 100
 set ip default next-hop 10.10.10.1
!
end

    验证案例分析 3

    使用命令set ip default next-hop时，当到达目标的唯一路由是默认路由（路由表中没有该目标的特定路由）时，数据包将进行策略路由。

    R1#show ip route 10.200.200.4
% Network not in table
R1#

R1#show ip route 0.0.0.0 
Routing entry for 0.0.0.0/0, supernet
Known via "static", distance 1, metric 0, candidate default path
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 10.20.20.2
Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1

R1# 
*Dec  4 12:58:55.191: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec  4 12:58:55.191: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec  4 12:58:55.191: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0), len 100, policy routed
*Dec  4 12:58:55.191: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2
*Dec  4 12:58:55.291: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec  4 12:58:55.291: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec  4 12:58:55.291: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0), len 100, policy routed
*Dec  4 12:58:55.291: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2
*Dec  4 12:58:55.391: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec  4 12:58:55.391: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec  4 12:58:55.391: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0), len 100, policy routed
*Dec  4 12:58:55.391: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2

R2#show ip route 10.100.100.3
% Network not in table

R2#show ip route 0.0.0.0
Routing entry for 0.0.0.0/0, supernet
Known via "static", distance 1, metric 0, candidate default path
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 10.20.20.1
Route metric is 0, traffic share count is 1

R2#
*Dec  4 12:58:20.819: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
*Dec  4 12:58:55.611: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3, len 100, policy match
*Dec  4 12:58:55.611: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec  4 12:58:55.611: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3 (Serial1/0), len 100, policy routed
*Dec  4 12:58:55.611: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.1
*Dec  4 12:58:55.739: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3, len 100, policy match
*Dec  4 12:58:55.739: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec  4 12:58:55.739: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3 (Serial1/0), len 100, policy routed
*Dec  4 12:58:55.739: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.1
*Dec  4 12:58:55.799: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.100.100.3, len 100, policy match
*Dec  4 12:58:55.799: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec  4 12:58:55.799: IP: s=10.200.200.4 (Ethernet0/0),
       d=10.100.100.3 (Serial1/0), len 100, policy routed
*Dec  4 12:58:55.799: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.1

    默认路由由于 Serial 2/0 关闭而不存在时，对数据包进行策略路由。

    R1#show ip route 0.0.0.0
% Network not in table
R1#
*Dec 5 13:02:31.283: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:02:31.283: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:02:31.283: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0),len 100, policy routed
*Dec 5 13:02:31.283: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2
*Dec 5 13:02:31.375: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0),
       d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:02:31.375: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:02:31.375: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0),len 100, policy routed
*Dec 5 13:02:31.375: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2
*Dec 5 13:02:31.435: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 13:02:31.435: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 13:02:31.435: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial1/0),len 100, policy routed
*Dec 5 13:02:31.435: IP: Ethernet0/0 to Serial1/0 10.10.10.2

    在Serial2/0为up状态而Serial 1/0为down状态时，您会松开下一跳，数据包将跟踪正常转发（路由表） — 策略被拒绝。

    R1#debug ip policy 
Policy routing debugging is on
R1#
*Dec 5 12:46:49.543: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 12:46:49.543: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 12:46:49.543: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial2/0),len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding
*Dec 5 12:46:49.623: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 12:46:49.623: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 12:46:49.623: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial2/0),len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding
*Dec 5 12:46:49.691: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4, len 100, policy match
*Dec 5 12:46:49.691: IP: route map blah, item 10, permit
*Dec 5 12:46:49.691: IP: s=10.100.100.3 (Ethernet0/0), 
      d=10.200.200.4 (Serial2/0),len 100, policy rejected -- normal forwarding

    相关信息

    修订历史记录

    版本 发布日期 备注
    2.0
    20-Nov-2023
    重新认证
    1.0
    05-Dec-2003
    初始版本
    TAC Authored

    由思科工程师提供

    • 胡利奥·希门尼斯
      思科项目经理

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