Configurazione e verifica di NAT su FTD

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Aggiornato:19 dicembre 2024

ID documento:212702

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Sommario

Introduzione

Prerequisiti

Requisiti

Componenti usati

Premesse

Configurazione

Esempio di rete

Task 1. Configurare NAT statico su FTD

Task 2. Configurare Port Address Translation (PAT) su FTD

Task 3. Configurare l'esenzione NAT su FTD

Task 4. Configurare l'oggetto NAT su FTD

Task 5. Configurare il pool PAT su FTD

Verifica

Risoluzione dei problemi

Informazioni correlate

Introduzione

In questo documento viene descritto come configurare e verificare il protocollo NAT (Network Address Translation) di base su Firepower Threat Defense (FTD).

Prerequisiti

Requisiti

Nessun requisito specifico previsto per questo documento.

Componenti usati

Le informazioni fornite in questo documento si basano sulle seguenti versioni software e hardware:

ASA5506X con codice FTD 6.1.0-226
Centro di gestione FireSIGHT (FMC) con versione 6.1.0-226
3 host Windows 7
Router Cisco IOS® 3925 con VPN da LAN a LAN (L2L)

Ora di completamento del laboratorio: 1 ora

Le informazioni discusse in questo documento fanno riferimento a dispositivi usati in uno specifico ambiente di emulazione. Su tutti i dispositivi menzionati nel documento la configurazione è stata ripristinata ai valori predefiniti. Se la rete è operativa, valutare attentamente eventuali conseguenze derivanti dall'uso dei comandi.

Premesse

FTD supporta le stesse opzioni di configurazione NAT del classico Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA):

NAT Rules Before - Equivale a Two NAT (sezione 1) su un'appliance ASA classica.
Regole NAT automatiche - Sezione 2 sull'appliance ASA classica
NAT Rules After: equivale a Two NAT (sezione 3) sull'appliance ASA classica.

Poiché la configurazione FTD viene eseguita dal FMC quando si tratta della configurazione NAT, è necessario conoscere l'interfaccia utente grafica del FMC e le varie opzioni di configurazione.

Configurazione

Esempio di rete

Task 1. Configurare NAT statico su FTD

Configurare NAT in base ai seguenti requisiti:

Nome criterio NAT	Nome del dispositivo FTD
Regola NAT	Regola NAT manuale
Tipo NAT	Statico
Inserisci	Nella sezione 1
Source interface	interno*
Interfaccia di destinazione	dmz*
Origine	192.168.75.14
Origine tradotta	192.168.76.100

*Usare le zone di sicurezza per la regola NAT

Configure Static NAT on FTD

NAT statico

Soluzione:

Sulle appliance ASA classiche, è necessario usare il comando name if nelle regole NAT. Con FTD è necessario utilizzare le aree di sicurezza o i gruppi di interfacce.

Passaggio 1. Assegnare le interfacce alle aree di sicurezza/ai gruppi di interfacce.

In questa attività, si decide di assegnare le interfacce FTD utilizzate per NAT alle aree di sicurezza. In alternativa, è possibile assegnarli ai gruppi di interfacce come mostrato nell'immagine.

Assign FTD Interfaces

Passaggio 2. Il risultato è quello mostrato nell'immagine.

Interfaces Assigned

Passaggio 3. È possibile creare/modificare i gruppi di interfacce e le aree di sicurezza dalla pagina Oggetti > Gestione oggetti, come mostrato nell'immagine.

Create/Edit Interface Groups and Security Zones

Aree di sicurezza e gruppi di interfacce

La differenza principale tra le aree di sicurezza e i gruppi di interfaccia consiste nel fatto che un'interfaccia può appartenere a una sola area di sicurezza, ma a più gruppi di interfacce. In pratica, quindi, i gruppi di interfacce forniscono maggiore flessibilità.

È possibile vedere che l'interfaccia interna appartiene a due diversi gruppi di interfacce, ma solo un'area di sicurezza, come mostrato nell'immagine.

Interface Inside Belongs to Two Different Interface Groups

Passaggio 4. Configurare NAT statico su FTD.

Passare a Dispositivi > NAT e creare un criterio NAT. Selezionare Nuovo criterio > NAT difesa dalle minacce come mostrato nell'immagine.

Passaggio 5. Specificare il nome del criterio e assegnarlo a un dispositivo di destinazione, come mostrato nell'immagine.

Specify a Policy Name and Assign it to a Target Device

Passaggio 6. Aggiungere una regola NAT al criterio, fare clic su Aggiungi regola.

Specificatele in base ai requisiti dell'operazione, come mostrato nelle immagini.

Add NAT Rule

Original Source and Original Destination

Host-A = 192.168.75.14

Host-B = 192.168.76.100

firepower# show run object
object network Host-A
 host 192.168.75.14
object network Host-B
 host 192.168.76.100

Avviso: Se si configura un NAT statico e si specifica un'interfaccia come origine tradotta, tutto il traffico destinato all'indirizzo IP dell'interfaccia viene reindirizzato. Gli utenti non possono accedere ad alcun servizio abilitato sull'interfaccia mappata. Esempi di tali servizi includono protocolli di routing come OSPF e EIGRP.

Passaggio 7. Il risultato è quello mostrato nell'immagine.

NAT is Configured

Passaggio 8. Verificare che esista una policy di controllo dell'accesso che consenta all'host B di accedere all'host A e viceversa. Tenere presente che il protocollo NAT statico è bidirezionale per impostazione predefinita. Analogamente alle appliance ASA classiche, è possibile verificare l'utilizzo di IP reali. Ciò è previsto in quanto, in questa esercitazione, LINA esegue il codice 9.6.1.x, come mostrato nell'immagine.

Access Control Policy that Allows Host-B to Access Host-A and Vice Versa

Verifica:

Dalla CLI di LINA:

firepower# show run nat
nat (inside,dmz) source static Host-A Host-B

La regola NAT è stata inserita nella sezione 1 come previsto:

firepower# show nat
Manual NAT Policies (Section 1)
1 (inside) to (dmz) source static Host-A Host-B
    translate_hits = 0, untranslate_hits = 0

Nota: I 2 xlat che vengono creati in background.

firepower# show xlate
2 in use, 4 most used
Flags: D - DNS, e - extended, I - identity, i - dynamic, r - portmap,
       s - static, T - twice, N - net-to-net
NAT from inside:192.168.75.14 to dmz:192.168.76.100
    flags sT idle 0:41:49 timeout 0:00:00
NAT from dmz:0.0.0.0/0 to inside:0.0.0.0/0
    flags sIT idle 0:41:49 timeout 0:00:00

Tabelle ASP NAT:

firepower# show asp table classify domain nat

Input Table
in  id=0x7ff6036a9f50, priority=6, domain=nat, deny=false
        hits=0, user_data=0x7ff60314dbf0, cs_id=0x0, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=192.168.75.14, mask=255.255.255.255, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=inside, output_ifc=dmz
in  id=0x7ff603696860, priority=6, domain=nat, deny=false
        hits=0, user_data=0x7ff602be3f80, cs_id=0x0, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=192.168.76.100, mask=255.255.255.255, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=dmz, output_ifc=inside

Output Table:
L2 - Output Table:
L2 - Input Table:
Last clearing of hits counters: Never

firepower# show asp table classify domain nat-reverse

Input Table

Output Table:
out id=0x7ff603685350, priority=6, domain=nat-reverse, deny=false
        hits=0, user_data=0x7ff60314dbf0, cs_id=0x0, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=192.168.75.14, mask=255.255.255.255, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=dmz, output_ifc=inside
out id=0x7ff603638470, priority=6, domain=nat-reverse, deny=false
        hits=0, user_data=0x7ff602be3f80, cs_id=0x0, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=192.168.75.14, mask=255.255.255.255, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=inside, output_ifc=dmz

L2 - Output Table:
L2 - Input Table:
Last clearing of hits counters: Never

Abilitare l'acquisizione con i dettagli di traccia su FTD ed eseguire il ping tra host B e host A, come mostrato nell'immagine.

firepower# capture DMZ interface dmz trace detail match ip host 192.168.76.14 host 192.168.76.100
firepower# capture INSIDE interface inside trace detail match ip host 192.168.76.14 host 192.168.75.14

Enable Capture

Il numero di accessi si trova nelle tabelle ASP:

firepower# show asp table classify domain nat

Input Table
in  id=0x7ff6036a9f50, priority=6, domain=nat, deny=false
        hits=0, user_data=0x7ff60314dbf0, cs_id=0x0, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=192.168.75.14, mask=255.255.255.255, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=inside, output_ifc=dmz
in  id=0x7ff603696860, priority=6, domain=nat, deny=false
        hits=4, user_data=0x7ff602be3f80, cs_id=0x0, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=192.168.76.100, mask=255.255.255.255, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=dmz, output_ifc=inside

firepower# show asp table classify domain nat-reverse

Input Table

Output Table:
out id=0x7ff603685350, priority=6, domain=nat-reverse, deny=false
        hits=4, user_data=0x7ff60314dbf0, cs_id=0x0, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=192.168.75.14, mask=255.255.255.255, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=dmz, output_ifc=inside
out id=0x7ff603638470, priority=6, domain=nat-reverse, deny=false
        hits=0, user_data=0x7ff602be3f80, cs_id=0x0, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=192.168.75.14, mask=255.255.255.255, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=inside, output_ifc=dmz

L'acquisizione dei pacchetti visualizza:

firepower# show capture DMZ
8 packets captured
   1: 17:38:26.324812       192.168.76.14 > 192.168.76.100: icmp: echo request
   2: 17:38:26.326505       192.168.76.100 > 192.168.76.14: icmp: echo reply
   3: 17:38:27.317991       192.168.76.14 > 192.168.76.100: icmp: echo request
   4: 17:38:27.319456       192.168.76.100 > 192.168.76.14: icmp: echo reply
   5: 17:38:28.316344       192.168.76.14 > 192.168.76.100: icmp: echo request
   6: 17:38:28.317824       192.168.76.100 > 192.168.76.14: icmp: echo reply
   7: 17:38:29.330518       192.168.76.14 > 192.168.76.100: icmp: echo request
   8: 17:38:29.331983       192.168.76.100 > 192.168.76.14: icmp: echo reply
8 packets shown

Tracce di un pacchetto (vengono evidenziati i punti importanti).

Nota: ID della regola NAT e relativa correlazione con la tabella ASP.

firepower# show capture DMZ packet-number 3 trace detail
8 packets captured
   3: 17:38:27.317991 000c.2998.3fec d8b1.90b7.32e0 0x0800 Length: 74
      192.168.76.14 > 192.168.76.100: icmp: echo request (ttl 128, id 9975)
	  
Phase: 1
Type: CAPTURE
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
 Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
 in  id=0x7ff602c72be0, priority=13, domain=capture, deny=false
        hits=55, user_data=0x7ff602b74a50, cs_id=0x0, l3_type=0x0
        src mac=0000.0000.0000, mask=0000.0000.0000
        dst mac=0000.0000.0000, mask=0000.0000.0000
        input_ifc=dmz, output_ifc=any
		
Phase: 2
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Implicit Rule
Additional Information:
 Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
 in  id=0x7ff603612200, priority=1, domain=permit, deny=false
        hits=1, user_data=0x0, cs_id=0x0, l3_type=0x8
        src mac=0000.0000.0000, mask=0000.0000.0000
        dst mac=0000.0000.0000, mask=0100.0000.0000
        input_ifc=dmz, output_ifc=any
		
Phase: 3
Type: UN-NAT
Subtype: static
Result: ALLOW
Config:
nat (inside,dmz) source static Host-A Host-B
Additional Information:
NAT divert to egress interface inside
Untranslate 192.168.76.100/0 to 192.168.75.14/0

Phase: 4
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: ALLOW
Config:
access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced permit ip host 192.168.76.14 host 192.168.75.14 rule-id 268434440
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268434440: ACCESS POLICY: FTD5506-1 - Mandatory/2
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268434440: L4 RULE: Host-B to Host-A
Additional Information:
 This packet will be sent to snort for additional processing where a verdict will be reached
 Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
 in  id=0x7ff602b72610, priority=12, domain=permit, deny=false
        hits=1, user_data=0x7ff5fa9d0180, cs_id=0x0, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=192.168.76.14, mask=255.255.255.255, port=0, tag=any, ifc=any
        dst ip/id=192.168.75.14, mask=255.255.255.255, port=0, tag=any, ifc=any, vlan=0, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=any, output_ifc=any
		
Phase: 5
Type: CONN-SETTINGS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
class-map class-default
 match any
policy-map global_policy
 class class-default
  set connection advanced-options UM_STATIC_TCP_MAP
service-policy global_policy global
Additional Information:
 Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
 in  id=0x7ff60367cf80, priority=7, domain=conn-set, deny=false
        hits=1, user_data=0x7ff603677080, cs_id=0x0, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=dmz, output_ifc=any
		
Phase: 6
Type: NAT
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
nat (inside,dmz) source static Host-A Host-B
Additional Information:
Static translate 192.168.76.14/1 to 192.168.76.14/1
 Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
 in  id=0x7ff603696860, priority=6, domain=nat, deny=false
        hits=1, user_data=0x7ff602be3f80, cs_id=0x0, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=192.168.76.100, mask=255.255.255.255, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=dmz, output_ifc=inside
		
Phase: 7
Type: NAT
Subtype: per-session
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
 Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
 in  id=0x7ff602220020, priority=0, domain=nat-per-session, deny=true
        hits=2, user_data=0x0, cs_id=0x0, reverse, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=any, output_ifc=any
		
Phase: 8
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
 Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
 in  id=0x7ff6035c0af0, priority=0, domain=inspect-ip-options, deny=true
        hits=1, user_data=0x0, cs_id=0x0, reverse, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=dmz, output_ifc=any
		
Phase: 9
Type: INSPECT
Subtype: np-inspect
Result: ALLOW
Config:
class-map inspection_default
 match default-inspection-traffic
policy-map global_policy
 class inspection_default
  inspect icmp
service-policy global_policy global
Additional Information:
 Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
 in  id=0x7ff602b5f020, priority=70, domain=inspect-icmp, deny=false
        hits=2, user_data=0x7ff602be7460, cs_id=0x0, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=1
        src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, icmp-type=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, icmp-code=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=dmz, output_ifc=any
		
Phase: 10
Type: INSPECT
Subtype: np-inspect
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
 Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
 in  id=0x7ff602b3a6d0, priority=70, domain=inspect-icmp-error, deny=false
        hits=2, user_data=0x7ff603672ec0, cs_id=0x0, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=1
        src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, icmp-type=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, icmp-code=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=dmz, output_ifc=any
		
Phase: 11
Type: NAT
Subtype: rpf-check
Result: ALLOW
Config:
nat (inside,dmz) source static Host-A Host-B
Additional Information:
 Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
 out id=0x7ff603685350, priority=6, domain=nat-reverse, deny=false
        hits=2, user_data=0x7ff60314dbf0, cs_id=0x0, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=192.168.75.14, mask=255.255.255.255, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=dmz, output_ifc=inside
		
Phase: 12
Type: NAT
Subtype: per-session
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
 Reverse Flow based lookup yields rule:
 in  id=0x7ff602220020, priority=0, domain=nat-per-session, deny=true
        hits=4, user_data=0x0, cs_id=0x0, reverse, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=any, output_ifc=any
		
Phase: 13
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
 Reverse Flow based lookup yields rule:
 in  id=0x7ff602c56d10, priority=0, domain=inspect-ip-options, deny=true
        hits=2, user_data=0x0, cs_id=0x0, reverse, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=inside, output_ifc=any
		
Phase: 14
Type: FLOW-CREATION
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
New flow created with id 5084, packet dispatched to next module
Module information for forward flow ...
snp_fp_inspect_ip_options
snp_fp_snort
snp_fp_inspect_icmp
snp_fp_translate
snp_fp_adjacency
snp_fp_fragment
snp_ifc_stat
Module information for reverse flow ...
snp_fp_inspect_ip_options
snp_fp_translate
snp_fp_inspect_icmp
snp_fp_snort
snp_fp_adjacency
snp_fp_fragment
snp_ifc_stat

Phase: 15
Type: EXTERNAL-INSPECT
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Application: 'SNORT Inspect'

Phase: 16
Type: SNORT
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Snort Verdict: (pass-packet) allow this packet

Phase: 17
Type: ROUTE-LOOKUP
Subtype: Resolve Egress Interface
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
found next-hop 192.168.75.14 using egress ifc  inside

Phase: 18
Type: ADJACENCY-LOOKUP
Subtype: next-hop and adjacency
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
adjacency Active
next-hop mac address 000c.2930.2b78 hits 140694538708414

Phase: 19
Type: CAPTURE
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
 Forward Flow based lookup yields rule:
 out id=0x7ff6036a94e0, priority=13, domain=capture, deny=false
        hits=14, user_data=0x7ff6024aff90, cs_id=0x0, l3_type=0x0
        src mac=0000.0000.0000, mask=0000.0000.0000
        dst mac=0000.0000.0000, mask=0000.0000.0000
        input_ifc=inside, output_ifc=any
		
Result:
input-interface: inside
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: inside
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: allow
1 packet shown

Task 2. Configurare Port Address Translation (PAT) su FTD

Configurare NAT in base ai seguenti requisiti:

Regola NAT	Regola NAT manuale
Tipo NAT	Dinamica
Inserisci	Nella sezione 1
Source interface	interno*
Interfaccia di destinazione	esterno*
Origine	192.168.75.0/24
Origine tradotta	Interfaccia esterna (PAT)

*Usare le zone di sicurezza per la regola NAT

Configure Port Address Translation

NAT statico

PAT

Soluzione:

Passaggio 1. Aggiungere una seconda regola NAT e configurare in base ai requisiti dell'attività, come mostrato nell'immagine.

Add a Second NAT Rule

Passaggio 2. Di seguito viene riportata la configurazione di PAT come mostrato nell'immagine.

PAT Configuration

Passaggio 3. Il risultato è quello mostrato nell'immagine.

End Result of PAT Configuration

Passaggio 4. Nel prosieguo di questa esercitazione, configurare i criteri di controllo di accesso per consentire il passaggio di tutto il traffico.

Verifica:

Configurazione della NAT:

firepower# show nat
Manual NAT Policies (Section 1)
1 (inside) to (dmz) source static Host-A Host-B
    translate_hits = 26, untranslate_hits = 26
2 (inside) to (outside) source dynamic Net_192.168.75.0_24bits interface
    translate_hits = 0, untranslate_hits = 0

Dalla CLI di LINA, notare la nuova voce:

firepower# show xlate
3 in use, 19 most used
Flags: D - DNS, e - extended, I - identity, i - dynamic, r - portmap,
       s - static, T - twice, N - net-to-net
NAT from inside:192.168.75.14 to dmz:192.168.76.100
    flags sT idle 1:15:14 timeout 0:00:00
NAT from dmz:0.0.0.0/0 to inside:0.0.0.0/0
    flags sIT idle 1:15:14 timeout 0:00:00
NAT from outside:0.0.0.0/0 to inside:0.0.0.0/0
    flags sIT idle 0:04:02 timeout 0:00:00

Abilita l'acquisizione sull'interfaccia interna ed esterna. Attiva traccia durante l'acquisizione interna:

firepower# capture CAPI trace interface inside match ip host 192.168.75.14 host 192.168.77.1
firepower# capture CAPO interface outside match ip any host 192.168.77.1

Eseguire il ping tra l'host A (192.168.75.14) e l'host IP 192.168.77.1, come mostrato nell'immagine.

Ping from Host-A to IP Address

Nelle clip di LINA, è possibile vedere la traduzione di PAT:

firepower# show cap CAPI
8 packets captured
   1: 18:54:43.658001       192.168.75.14 > 192.168.77.1: icmp: echo request
   2: 18:54:43.659099       192.168.77.1 > 192.168.75.14: icmp: echo reply
   3: 18:54:44.668544       192.168.75.14 > 192.168.77.1: icmp: echo request
   4: 18:54:44.669505       192.168.77.1 > 192.168.75.14: icmp: echo reply
   5: 18:54:45.682368       192.168.75.14 > 192.168.77.1: icmp: echo request
   6: 18:54:45.683421       192.168.77.1 > 192.168.75.14: icmp: echo reply
   7: 18:54:46.696436       192.168.75.14 > 192.168.77.1: icmp: echo request
   8: 18:54:46.697412       192.168.77.1 > 192.168.75.14: icmp: echo reply

firepower# show cap CAPO
8 packets captured
   1: 18:54:43.658672       192.168.77.6 > 192.168.77.1: icmp: echo request
   2: 18:54:43.658962       192.168.77.1 > 192.168.77.6: icmp: echo reply
   3: 18:54:44.669109       192.168.77.6 > 192.168.77.1: icmp: echo request
   4: 18:54:44.669337       192.168.77.1 > 192.168.77.6: icmp: echo reply
   5: 18:54:45.682932       192.168.77.6 > 192.168.77.1: icmp: echo request
   6: 18:54:45.683207       192.168.77.1 > 192.168.77.6: icmp: echo reply
   7: 18:54:46.697031       192.168.77.6 > 192.168.77.1: icmp: echo request
   8: 18:54:46.697275       192.168.77.1 > 192.168.77.6: icmp: echo reply

Tracce di un pacchetto con sezioni importanti evidenziate:

firepower# show cap CAPI packet-number 1 trace
8 packets captured
   1: 18:54:43.658001       192.168.75.14 > 192.168.77.1: icmp: echo request
   
Phase: 1
Type: CAPTURE
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
MAC Access list

Phase: 2
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Implicit Rule
Additional Information:
MAC Access list

Phase: 3
Type: ROUTE-LOOKUP
Subtype: Resolve Egress Interface
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
found next-hop 192.168.77.1 using egress ifc  outside

Phase: 4
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: ALLOW
Config:
access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced permit ip any any rule-id 268434434
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268434434: ACCESS POLICY: FTD5506-1 - Default/1
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268434434: L4 RULE: DEFAULT ACTION RULE
Additional Information:
 This packet will be sent to snort for additional processing where a verdict will be reached
 
Phase: 5
Type: CONN-SETTINGS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
class-map class-default
 match any
policy-map global_policy
 class class-default
  set connection advanced-options UM_STATIC_TCP_MAP
service-policy global_policy global
Additional Information:

Phase: 6
Type: NAT
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
nat (inside,outside) source dynamic Net_192.168.75.0_24bits interface
Additional Information:
Dynamic translate 192.168.75.14/1 to 192.168.77.6/1

Phase: 7
Type: NAT
Subtype: per-session
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Phase: 8
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 9
Type: INSPECT
Subtype: np-inspect
Result: ALLOW
Config:
class-map inspection_default
 match default-inspection-traffic
policy-map global_policy
 class inspection_default
  inspect icmp
service-policy global_policy global
Additional Information:

Phase: 10
Type: INSPECT
Subtype: np-inspect
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 11
Type: NAT
Subtype: rpf-check
Result: ALLOW
Config:
nat (inside,outside) source dynamic Net_192.168.75.0_24bits interface
Additional Information:

Phase: 12
Type: NAT
Subtype: per-session
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 13
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 14
Type: FLOW-CREATION
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
New flow created with id 6981, packet dispatched to next module

Phase: 15
Type: EXTERNAL-INSPECT
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Application: 'SNORT Inspect'

Phase: 16
Type: SNORT
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Snort Verdict: (pass-packet) allow this packet

Phase: 17
Type: ROUTE-LOOKUP
Subtype: Resolve Egress Interface
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
found next-hop 192.168.77.1 using egress ifc  outside

Phase: 18
Type: ADJACENCY-LOOKUP
Subtype: next-hop and adjacency
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
adjacency Active
next-hop mac address c84c.758d.4980 hits 140694538709114

Phase: 19
Type: CAPTURE
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
MAC Access list

Result:
input-interface: outside
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: outside
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: allow
1 packet shown

L'espressione dinamica è stata creata (notare i flag ri):

firepower# show xlate
4 in use, 19 most used
Flags: D - DNS, e - extended, I - identity, i - dynamic, r - portmap,
       s - static, T - twice, N - net-to-net
NAT from inside:192.168.75.14 to dmz:192.168.76.100
    flags sT idle 1:16:47 timeout 0:00:00
NAT from dmz:0.0.0.0/0 to inside:0.0.0.0/0
    flags sIT idle 1:16:47 timeout 0:00:00
NAT from outside:0.0.0.0/0 to inside:0.0.0.0/0
    flags sIT idle 0:05:35 timeout 0:00:00

ICMP PAT from inside:192.168.75.14/1 to outside:192.168.77.6/1 flags ri idle 0:00:30 timeout 0:00:30

Nei log di LINA è possibile vedere:

firepower# show log
May 31 2016 18:54:43: %ASA-7-609001: Built local-host inside:192.168.75.14
May 31 2016 18:54:43: %ASA-6-305011: Built dynamic ICMP translation from inside:192.168.75.14/1 to outside:192.168.77.6/1
May 31 2016 18:54:43: %ASA-7-609001: Built local-host outside:192.168.77.1
May 31 2016 18:54:43: %ASA-6-302020: Built inbound ICMP connection for faddr 192.168.75.14/1 gaddr 192.168.77.1/0 laddr 192.168.77.1/0
May 31 2016 18:54:43: %ASA-6-302021: Teardown ICMP connection for faddr 192.168.75.14/1 gaddr 192.168.77.1/0 laddr 192.168.77.1/0
May 31 2016 18:54:43: %ASA-7-609002: Teardown local-host outside:192.168.77.1 duration 0:00:00
May 31 2016 18:55:17: %ASA-6-305012: Teardown dynamic ICMP translation from inside:192.168.75.14/1 to outside:192.168.77.6/1 duration 0:00:34

NAT:

firepower# show nat
Manual NAT Policies (Section 1)
1 (inside) to (dmz) source static Host-A Host-B
    translate_hits = 26, untranslate_hits = 26
2 (inside) to (outside) source dynamic Net_192.168.75.0_24bits interface
    translate_hits = 94, untranslate_hits = 138

Le tabelle ASP mostrano:

firepower# show asp table classify domain nat

Input Table
in  id=0x7ff6036a9f50, priority=6, domain=nat, deny=false
        hits=0, user_data=0x7ff60314dbf0, cs_id=0x0, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=192.168.75.14, mask=255.255.255.255, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=inside, output_ifc=dmz
in  id=0x7ff603696860, priority=6, domain=nat, deny=false
        hits=4, user_data=0x7ff602be3f80, cs_id=0x0, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=192.168.76.100, mask=255.255.255.255, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=dmz, output_ifc=inside
in  id=0x7ff602c75f00, priority=6, domain=nat, deny=false
        hits=94, user_data=0x7ff6036609a0, cs_id=0x0, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=192.168.75.0, mask=255.255.255.0, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=inside, output_ifc=outside
in  id=0x7ff603681fb0, priority=6, domain=nat, deny=false
        hits=276, user_data=0x7ff60249f370, cs_id=0x0, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=192.168.77.6, mask=255.255.255.255, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=outside, output_ifc=inside

firepower# show asp table classify domain nat-reverse

Input Table

Output Table:
out id=0x7ff603685350, priority=6, domain=nat-reverse, deny=false
        hits=4, user_data=0x7ff60314dbf0, cs_id=0x0, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=192.168.75.14, mask=255.255.255.255, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=dmz, output_ifc=inside
out id=0x7ff603638470, priority=6, domain=nat-reverse, deny=false
        hits=0, user_data=0x7ff602be3f80, cs_id=0x0, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=192.168.75.14, mask=255.255.255.255, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=inside, output_ifc=dmz
out id=0x7ff60361bda0, priority=6, domain=nat-reverse, deny=false
        hits=138, user_data=0x7ff6036609a0, cs_id=0x0, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=192.168.75.0, mask=255.255.255.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=outside, output_ifc=inside
out id=0x7ff60361c180, priority=6, domain=nat-reverse, deny=false
        hits=94, user_data=0x7ff60249f370, cs_id=0x0, use_real_addr, flags=0x0, protocol=0
        src ip/id=192.168.75.0, mask=255.255.255.0, port=0, tag=any
        dst ip/id=0.0.0.0, mask=0.0.0.0, port=0, tag=any, dscp=0x0
        input_ifc=inside, output_ifc=outside

Task 3. Configurare l'esenzione NAT su FTD

Configurare NAT in base ai seguenti requisiti:

Regola NAT	Regola NAT manuale
Tipo NAT	Statico
Inserisci	Nella sezione 1 tutte le norme esistenti
Source interface	interno*
Interfaccia di destinazione	esterno*
Origine	192.168.75.0/24
Origine tradotta	192.168.75.0/24
Destinazione originale	10.1.1.0/24
Destinazione tradotta	10.1.1.0/24

*Usare le zone di sicurezza per la regola NAT

Configure NAT Exemption on FTD

NAT statico

PAT

Esenzione NAT

Soluzione:

Passaggio 1. Aggiungere una terza regola NAT e configurare i requisiti per attività come mostrato nell'immagine.

Add a Third NAT Rule

Passaggio 2. Eseguire la ricerca dei cicli di lavorazione per determinare l'interfaccia di uscita.

Nota: Per le regole NAT di identità, come quelle aggiunte, è possibile modificare la modalità di determinazione dell'interfaccia in uscita e utilizzare la ricerca route normale, come mostrato nell'immagine.

Perform Route Lookup

Verifica:

firepower# show run nat
nat (inside,outside) source static Net_192.168.75.0_24bits Net_192.168.75.0_24bits destination static net_10.1.1.0_24bits net_10.1.1.0_24bits
nat (inside,dmz) source static Host-A Host-B
nat (inside,outside) source dynamic Net_192.168.75.0_24bits interface

firepower# show nat
Manual NAT Policies (Section 1)
1 (inside) to (outside) source static Net_192.168.75.0_24bits Net_192.168.75.0_24bits  destination static net_10.1.1.0_24bits net_10.1.1.0_24bits
    translate_hits = 0, untranslate_hits = 0
2 (inside) to (dmz) source static Host-A Host-B
    translate_hits = 26, untranslate_hits = 26
3 (inside) to (outside) source dynamic Net_192.168.75.0_24bits interface
    translate_hits = 96, untranslate_hits = 138

Esegui packet-tracer per il traffico non VPN proveniente dalla rete interna. La regola PAT viene utilizzata come previsto:

firepower# packet-tracer input inside tcp 192.168.75.14 1111 192.168.77.1 80

Phase: 1
Type: CAPTURE
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
MAC Access list

Phase: 2
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Implicit Rule
Additional Information:
MAC Access list

Phase: 3
Type: ROUTE-LOOKUP
Subtype: Resolve Egress Interface
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
found next-hop 192.168.77.1 using egress ifc  outside

Phase: 4
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: ALLOW
Config:
access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced permit ip any any rule-id 268434434
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268434434: ACCESS POLICY: FTD5506-1 - Default/1
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268434434: L4 RULE: DEFAULT ACTION RULE
Additional Information:
 This packet will be sent to snort for additional processing where a verdict will be reached
 
Phase: 5
Type: CONN-SETTINGS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
class-map class-default
 match any
policy-map global_policy
 class class-default
  set connection advanced-options UM_STATIC_TCP_MAP
service-policy global_policy global
Additional Information:

Phase: 6
Type: NAT
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
nat (inside,outside) source dynamic Net_192.168.75.0_24bits interface
Additional Information:

Dynamic translate 192.168.75.14/1111 to 192.168.77.6/1111
Phase: 7
Type: NAT
Subtype: per-session
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 8
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 9
Type: NAT
Subtype: rpf-check
Result: ALLOW
Config:
nat (inside,outside) source dynamic Net_192.168.75.0_24bits interface
Additional Information:

Phase: 10
Type: NAT
Subtype: per-session
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 11
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 12
Type: FLOW-CREATION
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
New flow created with id 7227, packet dispatched to next module

Result:
input-interface: inside
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: outside
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: allow

Eseguire packet-tracer per il traffico che deve passare attraverso il tunnel VPN (eseguirlo due volte dal primo tentativo di attivazione del tunnel VPN).

Nota: È necessario scegliere la regola di esenzione NAT.

Primo tentativo di traccia dei pacchetti:

firepower# packet-tracer input inside tcp 192.168.75.14 1111 10.1.1.1 80

Phase: 1
Type: CAPTURE
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
MAC Access list

Phase: 2
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Implicit Rule
Additional Information:
MAC Access list

Phase: 3
Type: UN-NAT
Subtype: static
Result: ALLOW
Config:
nat (inside,outside) source static Net_192.168.75.0_24bits Net_192.168.75.0_24bits destination static net_10.1.1.0_24bits net_10.1.1.0_24bits
Additional Information:
NAT divert to egress interface outside
Untranslate 10.1.1.1/80 to 10.1.1.1/80

Phase: 4
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: ALLOW
Config:
access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced permit ip any any rule-id 268434434
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268434434: ACCESS POLICY: FTD5506-1 - Default/1
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268434434: L4 RULE: DEFAULT ACTION RULE
Additional Information:
 This packet will be sent to snort for additional processing where a verdict will be reached
 
Phase: 5
Type: CONN-SETTINGS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
class-map class-default
 match any
policy-map global_policy
 class class-default
  set connection advanced-options UM_STATIC_TCP_MAP
service-policy global_policy global
Additional Information:

Phase: 6
Type: NAT
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
nat (inside,outside) source static Net_192.168.75.0_24bits Net_192.168.75.0_24bits destination static net_10.1.1.0_24bits net_10.1.1.0_24bits
Additional Information:
Static translate 192.168.75.14/1111 to 192.168.75.14/1111

Phase: 7
Type: NAT
Subtype: per-session
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 8
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 9
Type: VPN
Subtype: encrypt
Result: DROP
Config:
Additional Information:

Result:
input-interface: inside
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: outside
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: drop
Drop-reason: (acl-drop) Flow is denied by configured rule

Secondo tentativo di traccia dei pacchetti:

firepower# packet-tracer input inside tcp 192.168.75.14 1111 10.1.1.1 80

Phase: 1
Type: CAPTURE
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
MAC Access list

Phase: 2
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Implicit Rule
Additional Information:
MAC Access list

Phase: 3
Type: UN-NAT
Subtype: static
Result: ALLOW
Config:
nat (inside,outside) source static Net_192.168.75.0_24bits Net_192.168.75.0_24bits destination static net_10.1.1.0_24bits net_10.1.1.0_24bits
Additional Information:
NAT divert to egress interface outside
Untranslate 10.1.1.1/80 to 10.1.1.1/80

Phase: 4
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: ALLOW
Config:
access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced permit ip any any rule-id 268434434
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268434434: ACCESS POLICY: FTD5506-1 - Default/1
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268434434: L4 RULE: DEFAULT ACTION RULE
Additional Information:
 This packet will be sent to snort for additional processing where a verdict will be reached
 
Phase: 5
Type: CONN-SETTINGS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
class-map class-default
 match any
policy-map global_policy
 class class-default
  set connection advanced-options UM_STATIC_TCP_MAP
service-policy global_policy global
Additional Information:

Phase: 6
Type: NAT
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
nat (inside,outside) source static Net_192.168.75.0_24bits Net_192.168.75.0_24bits destination static net_10.1.1.0_24bits net_10.1.1.0_24bits
Additional Information:
Static translate 192.168.75.14/1111 to 192.168.75.14/1111

Phase: 7
Type: NAT
Subtype: per-session
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 8
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 9
Type: VPN
Subtype: encrypt
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
Phase: 10
Type: NAT
Subtype: rpf-check
Result: ALLOW
Config:
nat (inside,outside) source static Net_192.168.75.0_24bits Net_192.168.75.0_24bits destination static net_10.1.1.0_24bits net_10.1.1.0_24bits
Additional Information:

Phase: 11
Type: VPN
Subtype: ipsec-tunnel-flow
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 12
Type: NAT
Subtype: per-session
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 13
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 14
Type: FLOW-CREATION
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
New flow created with id 7226, packet dispatched to next module

Result:
input-interface: inside
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: outside
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: allow

Verifica conteggio visite NAT:

firepower# show nat
Manual NAT Policies (Section 1)
1 (inside) to (outside) source static Net_192.168.75.0_24bits Net_192.168.75.0_24bits  destination static net_10.1.1.0_24bits net_10.1.1.0_24bits
    translate_hits = 9, untranslate_hits = 9
2 (inside) to (dmz) source static Host-A Host-B
    translate_hits = 26, untranslate_hits = 26
3 (inside) to (outside) source dynamic Net_192.168.75.0_24bits interface
    translate_hits = 98, untranslate_hits = 138

Task 4. Configurare l'oggetto NAT su FTD

Configurare NAT in base ai seguenti requisiti:

Regola NAT	Regola NAT automatica
Tipo NAT	Statico
Inserisci	Nella sezione 2
Source interface	interno*
Interfaccia di destinazione	dmz*
Origine	192.168.75.99
Origine tradotta	192.168.76.99
Traduci le risposte DNS corrispondenti a questa regola	Attivato

*Usare le zone di sicurezza per la regola NAT

Soluzione:

Passaggio 1. Configurare la regola in base ai requisiti del task come mostrato nelle immagini.

Configure the Rule as per Task Requirements

Original Source

Translate DNS Replies that Match this Rule

Passaggio 2. Il risultato è quello mostrato nell'immagine.

Final Result

Verifica:

firepower# show run nat
nat (inside,outside) source static Net_192.168.75.0_24bits Net_192.168.75.0_24bits destination static net_10.1.1.0_24bits net_10.1.1.0_24bits
nat (inside,dmz) source static Host-A Host-B
nat (inside,outside) source dynamic Net_192.168.75.0_24bits interface
!
object network obj-192.168.75.99
 nat (inside,dmz) static obj-192.168.76.99 dns

firepower# show nat
Manual NAT Policies (Section 1)
1 (inside) to (outside) source static Net_192.168.75.0_24bits Net_192.168.75.0_24bits  destination static net_10.1.1.0_24bits net_10.1.1.0_24bits
    translate_hits = 9, untranslate_hits = 9
2 (inside) to (dmz) source static Host-A Host-B
    translate_hits = 26, untranslate_hits = 26
3 (inside) to (outside) source dynamic Net_192.168.75.0_24bits interface
    translate_hits = 98, untranslate_hits = 138

Auto NAT Policies (Section 2)
1 (inside) to (dmz) source static obj-192.168.75.99 obj-192.168.76.99  dns
    translate_hits = 0, untranslate_hits = 0

Verifica con packet-tracer:

firepower# packet-tracer input inside tcp 192.168.75.99 1111 192.168.76.100 80

Phase: 1
Type: CAPTURE
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
MAC Access list

Phase: 2
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Implicit Rule
Additional Information:
MAC Access list

Phase: 3
Type: ROUTE-LOOKUP
Subtype: Resolve Egress Interface
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
found next-hop 192.168.76.100 using egress ifc  dmz

Phase: 4
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: ALLOW
Config:
access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced permit ip any any rule-id 268434434
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268434434: ACCESS POLICY: FTD5506-1 - Default/1
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268434434: L4 RULE: DEFAULT ACTION RULE
Additional Information:
 This packet will be sent to snort for additional processing where a verdict will be reached

Phase: 5
Type: CONN-SETTINGS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
class-map class-default
 match any
policy-map global_policy
 class class-default
  set connection advanced-options UM_STATIC_TCP_MAP
service-policy global_policy global
Additional Information:

Phase: 6
Type: NAT
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
object network obj-192.168.75.99
 nat (inside,dmz) static obj-192.168.76.99 dns
Additional Information:
Static translate 192.168.75.99/1111 to 192.168.76.99/1111

Phase: 7
Type: NAT
Subtype: per-session
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 8
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 9
Type: NAT
Subtype: per-session
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 10
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 11
Type: FLOW-CREATION
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
New flow created with id 7245, packet dispatched to next module

Result:
input-interface: inside
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: dmz
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: allow

Task 5. Configurare il pool PAT su FTD

Configurare NAT in base ai seguenti requisiti:

Regola NAT	Regola NAT manuale
Tipo NAT	Dinamica
Inserisci	Nella sezione 3
Source interface	interno*
Interfaccia di destinazione	dmz*
Origine	192.168.75.0/24
Origine tradotta	192.168.76.20-22
Utilizza l'intero intervallo (1-65535)	Attivato

*Usare le zone di sicurezza per la regola NAT

Soluzione:

Passaggio 1. Configurare i requisiti della regola per task come mostrato nelle immagini.

Configure the Rule per Task Requirements for Manual NAT Rule

Result of Manual NAT Rule

Passaggio 2. Abilitare l'intervallo di porte piatte con Includi porte riservate che consente l'utilizzo dell'intero intervallo (1-65535) come mostrato nell'immagine.

Enable Flat Port Range with Include Reserver Porst

Passaggio 3. Il risultato è quello mostrato nell'immagine.

Final Result of Flat Port Range

Verifica:

firepower# show run nat
nat (inside,outside) source static Net_192.168.75.0_24bits Net_192.168.75.0_24bits destination static net_10.1.1.0_24bits net_10.1.1.0_24bits
nat (inside,dmz) source static Host-A Host-B
nat (inside,outside) source dynamic Net_192.168.75.0_24bits interface
!
object network obj-192.168.75.99
 nat (inside,dmz) static obj-192.168.76.99 dns
!
nat (inside,dmz) after-auto source dynamic Net_192.168.75.0_24bits pat-pool range-192.168.76.20-22 flat include-reserve

La regola è nella Sezione 3:

firepower# show nat
Manual NAT Policies (Section 1)
1 (inside) to (outside) source static Net_192.168.75.0_24bits Net_192.168.75.0_24bits  destination static net_10.1.1.0_24bits net_10.1.1.0_24bits
    translate_hits = 9, untranslate_hits = 9
2 (inside) to (dmz) source static Host-A Host-B
    translate_hits = 26, untranslate_hits = 26
3 (inside) to (outside) source dynamic Net_192.168.75.0_24bits interface
    translate_hits = 98, untranslate_hits = 138

Auto NAT Policies (Section 2)
1 (inside) to (dmz) source static obj-192.168.75.99 obj-192.168.76.99  dns
    translate_hits = 1, untranslate_hits = 0

Manual NAT Policies (Section 3)
1 (inside) to (dmz) source dynamic Net_192.168.75.0_24bits pat-pool range-192.168.76.20-22 flat include-reserve
    translate_hits = 0, untranslate_hits = 0

Verifica del tracer del pacchetto:

firepower# packet-tracer input inside icmp 192.168.75.15 8 0 192.168.76.5

Phase: 1
Type: CAPTURE
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
MAC Access list

Phase: 2
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Implicit Rule
Additional Information:
MAC Access list

Phase: 3
Type: ROUTE-LOOKUP
Subtype: Resolve Egress Interface
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
found next-hop 192.168.76.5 using egress ifc  dmz

Phase: 4
Type: ACCESS-LIST
Subtype: log
Result: ALLOW
Config:
access-group CSM_FW_ACL_ global
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ advanced permit ip any any rule-id 268434434
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268434434: ACCESS POLICY: FTD5506-1 - Default/1
access-list CSM_FW_ACL_ remark rule-id 268434434: L4 RULE: DEFAULT ACTION RULE
Additional Information:
 This packet will be sent to snort for additional processing where a verdict will be reached
 
Phase: 5
Type: CONN-SETTINGS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
class-map class-default
 match any
policy-map global_policy
 class class-default
  set connection advanced-options UM_STATIC_TCP_MAP
service-policy global_policy global
Additional Information:

Phase: 6
Type: NAT
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
nat (inside,dmz) after-auto source dynamic Net_192.168.75.0_24bits pat-pool range-192.168.76.20-22 flat include-reserve
Additional Information:
Dynamic translate 192.168.75.15/0 to 192.168.76.20/11654

Phase: 7
Type: NAT
Subtype: per-session
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 8
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 9
Type: INSPECT
Subtype: np-inspect
Result: ALLOW
Config:
class-map inspection_default
 match default-inspection-traffic
policy-map global_policy
 class inspection_default
  inspect icmp
service-policy global_policy global
Additional Information:

Phase: 10
Type: INSPECT
Subtype: np-inspect
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 11
Type: NAT
Subtype: rpf-check
Result: ALLOW
Config:
nat (inside,dmz) after-auto source dynamic Net_192.168.75.0_24bits pat-pool range-192.168.76.20-22 flat include-reserve
Additional Information:

Phase: 12
Type: NAT
Subtype: per-session
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 13
Type: IP-OPTIONS
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:

Phase: 14
Type: FLOW-CREATION
Subtype:
Result: ALLOW
Config:
Additional Information:
New flow created with id 7289, packet dispatched to next module

Result:
input-interface: inside
input-status: up
input-line-status: up
output-interface: dmz
output-status: up
output-line-status: up
Action: allow

Verifica

Fare riferimento a questa sezione per verificare che la configurazione funzioni correttamente.

La verifica è stata spiegata nelle singole sezioni di attività.

Risoluzione dei problemi

Le informazioni contenute in questa sezione permettono di risolvere i problemi relativi alla configurazione.

Aprire la pagina Advanced Troubleshooting (Risoluzione avanzata problemi) nel FMC, eseguire packet-tracer, quindi eseguire il comando show nat pool.

Nota: Voce che utilizza l'intero intervallo come mostrato nell'immagine.

Advanced Troubleshooting

Informazioni correlate

Tutte le versioni della guida alla configurazione di Cisco Firepower Management Center sono disponibili qui:

Navigazione nella documentazione di Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense

Cisco Global Technical Assistance Center (TAC) consiglia vivamente questa guida visiva per una conoscenza pratica e approfondita delle tecnologie di sicurezza di nuova generazione di Cisco Firepower, incluse quelle menzionate in questo articolo:

Cisco Press - Firepower Threat Defense

Per tutte le note tecniche sulla configurazione e la risoluzione dei problemi relative alle tecnologie Firepower:

Cisco Secure Firewall Management Center

Documentazione e supporto tecnico – Cisco Systems

Cronologia delle revisioni

Revisione	Data di pubblicazione	Commenti
3.0	19-Dec-2024	Il codice interno della casella delle informazioni Cisco è stato aggiornato in rosso e formattato.
2.0	02-Aug-2023	Testo alternativo aggiunto. SEO, traduzione automatica, requisiti di stile e formattazione aggiornati.
1.0	29-Jan-2018	Versione iniziale

Contributo dei tecnici Cisco

Mikis Zafeiroudis
Tecnico di consulenza
John Long
Tecnico di consulenza

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