X.25 Over TCP (XOT) permite enviar paquetes X.25 a través de una red TCP/IP en lugar de un enlace Link Access Process, Balancing (LAPB). XOT también le permite tunelizar el tráfico X.25 a través de una red IP.
El software Cisco IOS® conmuta los paquetes X.25 entre un link X.25 y una conexión TCP. Cada dirección de destino del circuito virtual se puede asignar a una dirección IP independiente. Las señales de mantenimiento XOT se pueden utilizar para detectar el TCP de capa inferior. TCP tiene la capacidad de detectar la conexión al verificar el número de secuencia de reconocimiento. Si no recibe ningún paquete de reconocimiento, retiene los paquetes de desack y sigue intentando retransmitir hasta que finalmente se rinda y elimine la conexión TCP. Sin embargo, este proceso lleva demasiado tiempo.
Este documento describe cómo utilizar la función XOT keepalives en el caso de que se interrumpa una conexión TCP, para detectarla y tomar medidas más rápidas.
No hay requisitos específicos para este documento.
La información que contiene este documento se basa en las siguientes versiones de software y hardware.
Versión 9.21 o posterior del software del IOS de Cisco, con cualquier conjunto de funciones
Cualquier router Cisco con la versión 9.21 o posterior del software del IOS de Cisco admite esta función
Software Cisco IOS versión 12.2(13)T13 y 12.2(27)
The information in this document was created from the devices in a specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If your network is live, make sure that you understand the potential impact of any command.
En esta sección encontrará la información para configurar las funciones descritas en este documento.
Nota: Use la Command Lookup Tool (sólo clientes registrados) para obtener más información sobre los comandos utilizados en este documento.
En este documento, se utiliza esta configuración de red:
En este documento, se utilizan estas configuraciones:
R1 (router Cisco 2500) |
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Current configuration: ! version 12.2 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log uptime ! hostname R1 ! x25 routing !--- The X.25 local switching. ! interface Serial0 no ip address no ip directed-broadcast encapsulation x25 no ip mroute-cache x25 address 45678 x25 win 5 !--- For testing purposes, the X.25 flow control !--- is set to something other than !--- the default value. In this configuration, !--- win 5 and wout 5, and ips and ops 256 are used. x25 wout 5 x25 ips 256 x25 ops 256 x25 idle 1 ! line con 0 transport input none line aux 0 line vty 0 4 password cisco login ! end |
R2 (Router 2500 de Cisco) |
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Current configuration ! version 12.2 service pad to-xot !--- Enable this command in order to make a packet assembler/disassembler (PAD) !--- over XOT through the router locally. It is useful for troubleshooting XOT problems. service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log uptime ! hostname R2 ! x25 routing !--- Enables X.25 switching. ! ! ! interface Loopback0 ip address 10.1.2.2 255.255.255.0 ! interface Ethernet0 ip address 10.64.9.101 255.255.255.0 no ip route-cache no ip mroute-cache ! interface Serial0 no ip address encapsulation x25 dce no ip mroute-cache x25 win 5 x25 wout 5 x25 ips 256 x25 ops 256 !--- Set these flow control parameters since the interface you have connected to !--- also has these parameters set. If not matched, you can reset the link !--- while there are larger packets that go over. x25 idle 1 clockrate 64000 ! router rip network 10.0.0.0 ! x25 route ^12 xot 10.64.9.100 xot-keepalive-period 10 xot-keepalive-tries 3 xot-source Loopback0 x25 route ^4 interface Serial0 xot-keepalive-period 10 xot-keepalive-tries 3 !--- By default, xot-keepalives is always enabled, uses the default keepalive !--- period of 60 seconds, and retries four times. Use the !--- loopback as the XOT source to enhance the TCP connection reliability. !--- If you have two interfaces configured for X.25 and one of the !--- interfaces goes down, one interface remains up so that the TCP !--- connection is not interrupted. In order to achieve this redundancy !--- connection, the XOT uses the loopback interface since the !--- source and the TCP connection do not fail. !--- If you want to have redundant interfaces in your router, the !--- X.25 route command is configured as - X.25 route ^12 xot 10.64.9.100 10.64.9.200 !--- where 10.64.9.100 and 10.64.9.200 are the remote destination IP addresses. ! line con 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login ! end |
R3 (router Cisco 2600) |
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Current configuration : 1427 bytes ! version 12.2 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log uptime ! hostname R3 ! ! x25 routing ! ! interface Loopback0 ip address 10.1.3.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Serial1 bandwidth 384 no ip address encapsulation x25 no ip route-cache no ip mroute-cache x25 win 7 x25 wout 7 x25 ips 1024 x25 ops 1024 x25 idle 1 service-module t1 clock source internal service-module t1 timeslots 1-6 ! interface Ethernet1/0 ip address 10.64.9.100 255.255.255.0 no ip route-cache no ip mroute-cache half-duplex ! router rip network 10.0.0.0 ! ! x25 route ^12 interface Serial1 xot-keepalive-period 10 xot-keepalive-tries 3 x25 route ^4 xot 10.64.9.101 xot-keepalive-period 10 xot-keepalive-tries 3 xot-source Loopback0 ! line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 login ! end |
R4 (router Cisco 2600) |
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Current configuration ! ! ! version 12.2 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log uptime no service password-encryption ! hostname R4 ! ! interface Ethernet0/0 ip address 10.64.9.88 255.255.255.0 half-duplex ! interface Serial1 bandwidth 384 no ip address encapsulation x25 dce x25 address 123456 x25 win 7 x25 wout 7 x25 ips 1024 x25 ops 1024 !--- These parameters are set for testing purposes. x25 idle 1 service-module t1 timeslots 1-6 ! line con 0 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 password cisco login ! end |
Use esta sección para confirmar que su configuración funciona correctamente.
La herramienta Output Interpreter Tool (clientes registrados solamente) (OIT) soporta ciertos comandos show. Utilice la OIT para ver un análisis del resultado del comando show.
show x25 pad: muestra información sobre las conexiones abiertas actuales, incluidas las transmisiones de paquetes, la configuración de parámetros X.3 y el estado actual de los circuitos virtuales.
show x25 xot: muestra información para todos los circuitos virtuales XOT que coinciden con un criterio dado.
show tcp: muestra el estado de las conexiones TCP.
pad: utilice este comando para iniciar sesión en un PAD.
Este resultado muestra el resultado de la depuración que se muestra cuando se realiza una llamada PAD de R1 a R4:
R1#pad 123456 User Access Verification Password: 1w1d: Serial0: X.25 O R1 Call (15) 8 lci 1024 1w1d: From (5): 45678 To (6): 123456 1w1d: Facilities: (0) 1w1d: Call User Data (4): 0x01000000 (pad) 1w1d: Serial0: X.25 I R1 Call Confirm (5) 8 lci 1024 1w1d: From (0): To (0): 1w1d: Facilities: (0) R4>
Esta llamada pasa a través de R2. Este resultado se capturó usando los comandos debug x25 event y debug ip tcp driver.
R2# *Mar 9 07:02:39.982: Serial0: X.25 I R1 Call (15) 8 lci 1024 *Mar 9 07:02:39.986: From (5): 45678 To (6): 123456 *Mar 9 07:02:39.990: Facilities: (0) *Mar 9 07:02:39.990: Call User Data (4): 0x01000000 (pad) *Mar 9 07:02:40.006: TCPDRV404EF4: Active async open 10.1.2.2:0 --> 10.64.9.100 :1998 OK, lport 11020 *Mar 9 07:02:40.034: TCPDRV404EF4: disable tcp timeouts *Mar 9 07:02:40.034: TCPDRV404EF4: enable tcp timeouts *Mar 9 07:02:40.038: TCPDRV404EF4: keepalive interval set to 10000 ms !--- The keepalives parameters. *Mar 9 07:02:40.038: TCPDRV404EF4: keepalive attempts set to 3 *Mar 9 07:02:40.042: TCPDRV404EF4: keepalives turned on *Mar 9 07:02:40.046: [10.64.9.100,1998/10.1.2.2,11020]: XOT O P2 Call (21) 8 lc i 1 *Mar 9 07:02:40.050: From (5): 45678 To (6): 123456 *Mar 9 07:02:40.054: Facilities: (6) *Mar 9 07:02:40.054: Packet sizes: 256 256 *Mar 9 07:02:40.058: Window sizes: 5 5 *Mar 9 07:02:40.058: Call User Data (4): 0x01000000 (pad) *Mar 9 07:02:40.182: [10.64.9.100,1998/10.1.2.2,11020]: XOT I P2 Call Confirm (11) 8 lci 1 *Mar 9 07:02:40.182: From (0): To (0): *Mar 9 07:02:40.186: Facilities: (6) *Mar 9 07:02:40.186: Packet sizes: 256 256 *Mar 9 07:02:40.190: Window sizes: 5 5 *Mar 9 07:02:40.194: Serial0: X.25 O R1 Call Confirm (5) 8 lci 1024 *Mar 9 07:02:40.194: From (0): To (0): *Mar 9 07:02:40.198: Facilities: (0)
R3 recibe la llamada de R2 a XOT y luego la pasa a R4. Este resultado se capturó usando los comandos debug x25 event y debug ip tcp driver.
R3# *Mar 9 07:00:41.338: TCPDRV27693C: Passive open 10.64.9.100:1998 <-- 10.1.2.2:1 1020 *Mar 9 07:00:41.342: TCPDRV27693C: disable tcp timeouts *Mar 9 07:00:41.342: TCPDRV27693C: enable tcp timeouts *Mar 9 07:00:41.370: [10.1.2.2,11020/10.64.9.100,1998]: XOT I P/Inactive Call (21) 8 lci 1 *Mar 9 07:00:41.370: From (5): 45678 To (6): 123456 *Mar 9 07:00:41.374: Facilities: (6) *Mar 9 07:00:41.378: Packet sizes: 256 256 *Mar 9 07:00:41.378: Window sizes: 5 5 *Mar 9 07:00:41.382: Call User Data (4): 0x01000000 (pad) *Mar 9 07:00:41.394: TCPDRV27693C: keepalive interval set to 10000 ms *Mar 9 07:00:41.394: TCPDRV27693C: keepalive attempts set to 3 *Mar 9 07:00:41.398: TCPDRV27693C: keepalives turned on *Mar 9 07:00:41.402: Serial1: X.25 O R1 Call (21) 8 lci 1024 *Mar 9 07:00:41.402: From (5): 45678 To (6): 123456 *Mar 9 07:00:41.406: Facilities: (6) *Mar 9 07:00:41.410: Packet sizes: 256 256 *Mar 9 07:00:41.410: Window sizes: 5 5 *Mar 9 07:00:41.414: Call User Data (4): 0x01000000 (pad) *Mar 9 07:00:41.454: Serial1: X.25 I R1 Call Confirm (5) 8 lci 1024 *Mar 9 07:00:41.454: From (0): To (0): *Mar 9 07:00:41.458: Facilities: (0) *Mar 9 07:00:41.462: [10.1.2.2,11020/10.64.9.100,1998]: XOT O P3 Call Confirm (11) 8 lci 1 *Mar 9 07:00:41.462: From (0): To (0):
R4 recibe la llamada y la conecta al puerto vty:
R4# *Mar 9 06:57:16.598: Serial1: X.25 I R1 Call (21) 8 lci 1024 *Mar 9 06:57:16.602: From (5): 45678 To (6): 123456 *Mar 9 06:57:16.606: Facilities: (6) *Mar 9 06:57:16.606: Packet sizes: 256 256 *Mar 9 06:57:16.610: Window sizes: 5 5 *Mar 9 06:57:16.610: Call User Data (4): 0x01000000 (pad) *Mar 9 06:57:16.622: Serial1: X.25 O R1 Call Confirm (5) 8 lci 1024 *Mar 9 06:57:16.626: From (0): To (0): *Mar 9 06:57:16.626: Facilities: (0) R4#show x25 vc SVC 1024, State: D1, Interface: Serial1 Started 00:02:15, last input 00:02:12, output 00:02:12 Line: 2 vty 0 Location: Host: 45678 45678 connected to 123456 PAD <--> X25 Window size input: 5, output: 5 Packet size input: 256, output: 256 PS: 4 PR: 0 ACK: 0 Remote PR: 4 RCNT: 0 RNR: no P/D state timeouts: 0 timer (secs): 0 data bytes 47/60 packets 4/8 Resets 0/0 RNRs 0/0 REJs 0/0 INTs 0/0 R2#show tcp Stand-alone TCP connection to host 10.64.9.100 Connection state is ESTAB, I/O status: 1, unread input bytes: 0 Local host: 10.1.2.2, Local port: 11020 Foreign host: 10.64.9.100, Foreign port: 1998 Enqueued packets for retransmit: 0, input: 0 mis-ordered: 0 (0 bytes) TCP driver queue size 0, flow controlled FALSE Event Timers (current time is 0x2AB893F0): Timer Starts Wakeups Next Retrans 11 0 0x0 TimeWait 0 0 0x0 AckHold 10 0 0x0 SendWnd 0 0 0x0 KeepAlive 50 0 0x2AB8A290 !--- Sends keepalive packets and increments. GiveUp 0 0 0x0 PmtuAger 0 0 0x0 DeadWait 0 0 0x0 iss: 1072933807 snduna: 1072933977 sndnxt: 1072933977 sndwnd: 8023 irs: 1206945087 rcvnxt: 1206945244 rcvwnd: 8036 delrcvwnd: 156 SRTT: 231 ms, RTTO: 769 ms, RTV: 538 ms, KRTT: 0 ms minRTT: 8 ms, maxRTT: 300 ms, ACK hold: 200 ms Flags: higher precedence, retransmission timeout, keepalive running !--- The keepalive status. Datagrams (max data segment is 536 bytes): Rcvd: 40 (out of order: 0), with data: 10, total data bytes: 156 Sent: 41 (retransmit: 0, fastretransmit: 0), with data: 10, total data bytes: 16 9
Refiérase a Opciones XOT Keepalive del Comando de Ruta X.25 para obtener más información.
Use esta sección para resolver problemas de configuración.
La herramienta Output Interpreter Tool (clientes registrados solamente) (OIT) soporta ciertos comandos show. Utilice la OIT para ver un análisis del resultado del comando show.
Nota: Consulte Información Importante sobre Comandos Debug antes de utilizar los comandos debug.
debug x25 events: muestra información sobre todo el tráfico X.25 excepto los paquetes de registros de datos y recursos.
debug ip tcp driver: muestra información sobre los eventos del controlador TCP.
Si se interrumpe la conexión entre R2 y R3, la conexión TCP se interrumpirá después de los períodos de keepalive. Luego, el resultado del comando show tcp está vacío en los routers R2 y R3.
Puede observar este resultado de debug mientras la interfaz XOT de R2 y R3 está inactiva:
R2#debug x25 events *Mar 10 05:36:24.685: [10.64.9.100,1998/10.1.2.2,11037]: XOT cx closed *Mar 10 05:36:24.689: Serial0: X.25 O R1 Clear (5) 8 lci 1024 *Mar 10 05:36:24.693: Cause 9, Diag 0 (Out of order/No additional information) *Mar 10 05:36:24.709: Serial0: X.25 I R1 Clear Confirm (3) 8 lci 1024 R2#debug ip tcp driver *Mar 10 05:41:08.800: TCPDRV205B44: 10.1.2.2:11038 --> 10.64.9.100:1998 DoClose (Cookie 402718) tcp close R3#debug x25 events *Mar 10 05:34:27.241: [10.1.2.2,11037/10.64.9.100,1998]: XOT cx closed *Mar 10 05:34:27.245: Serial1: X.25 O R1 Clear (5) 8 lci 1024 *Mar 10 05:34:27.245: Cause 0, Diag 0 (DTE originated/No additional information) *Mar 10 05:34:27.261: Serial1: X.25 I R1 Clear Confirm (3) 8 lci 1024 R3#debug ip tcp driver *Mar 10 05:39:11.321: TCPDRV354BB8: 10.64.9.100:1998 --> 10.1.2.2:11038 DoClose (Cookie 354B5C) tcp close
Revisión | Fecha de publicación | Comentarios |
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1.0 |
10-Mar-2006 |
Versión inicial |