Allow Traceroute through Firepower Threat Defense (FTD)

Introduction

This document describes the configuration to allow the traceroute through Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) via Threat Service Policy.

Prerequisites

Requirements

Cisco recommends that you have knowledge of these topics:

• Firepower Management Center (FMC)
• Firepower Threat Defense (FTD)

Components Used

The information in this document is based on these software and hardware versions:

• This article is applicable to all Firepower platforms.
• Cisco Firepower Threat Defense which runs software version 6.4.0.
• Cisco Firepower Management Center Virtual which runs software version 6.4.0.

The information in this document was created from the devices in a specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If your network is live, ensure that you understand the potential impact of any command.

Background Information

Traceroute to help you determine the route that packets take to their destination. A traceroute works by sending Unified Data Platform (UDP) packets to a destination on an invalid port. Because the port is not valid, the routers along the way to the destination respond with an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Time Exceeded Message and report that error to the Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA).

The traceroute shows the result of each probe sent. Every line of output corresponds to a Time to Live (TTL) value in increasing order. This table explains the output symbols.

By default, the ASA does not appear on traceroutes as a hop. To make it appear, decrement the time-to-live on packets that pass through the ASA and increase the rate limit on ICMP unreachable messages.

Caution: If you decrement time to live, packets with a TTL of 1 are dropped, but a connection is opened for the session on the assumption that the connection can contain packets with a greater TTL. Note that some packets, such as OSPF hello packets, are sent with TTL = 1, so decrementing time to live can have unexpected consequences. Keep these considerations in mind when you define your traffic class.

Configure

Step 1. Create the extended ACL that defines the traffic class for which traceroute reporting needs to be enabled.

Log in to FMC GUI and navigate to Objects > Object Management > Access List. Select Extended from the table of contents and Add a new Extended Access List.Enter a Name for the object, for example, Under Traceroute_ACL,Add a rule to permit ICMP type 3 and 11 and save it, as shown in the image:

Step 2. Configure the service policy rule that decrements the time-to-live value.

Navigate to Policies > Access Control and then Edit the policy assigned to the device. Under the Advanced tab, Edit the Threat Defense Service Policy, and then Add a new rule from Add Rule tab, then choose the Global checkbox to apply it globally, and click Next, as shown in the image:

Navigate to Traffic Flow > Extended Access List and then choose Extended Access List Object from the Dropdown menu which was created in previous steps. Now click Next, as shown in the image:

Choose the Enable Decrement TTL checkbox and modify the other connection options (Optional). Now, click Finish to add the rule, then click OK, and Save the changes to the Threat defence service policy, as shown in the image:

Once the previous steps are completed, save the Access Control Policy.

Step 3. Permit ICMP on Inside and Outside, and Increase the Rate Limit to 50 (optional).

Navigate to Devices > Platform Settings and then Edit or Create a new Firepower Threat Defense platform settings policy and associate it to the device. Choose ICMP from the table of content and Increase the Rate Limit. For example, to 50 (You can ignore the Burst Size) and then click Save, and proceed to Deploy the Policy to the device, as shown in the image:

Caution: Ensure ICMP Destination Unreachable (Type 3) and ICMP Time Exceeded (Type 11) are allowed from Outside to Inside in the ACL policy or via Fastpath in Pre-filter policy.

Verify

Check the configuration from FTD CLI once policy deployment is complete:

FTD# show run policy-map
!
policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map
---Output omitted---

class class_map_Traceroute_ACL
set connection timeout idle 1:00:00
set connection decrement-ttl
class class-default
!

FTD# show run class-map
!
class-map inspection_default

---Output omitted---

class-map class_map_Traceroute_ACL
match access-list Traceroute_ACL
!

FTD# show run access-l Traceroute_ACL
access-list Traceroute_ACL extended permit object-group ProxySG_ExtendedACL_30064773500 any any log
FTD#

Troubleshoot

You can take captures on FTD Ingress and Egress interfaces for the interesting traffic to further troubleshoot the issue.

Packet capture on Lina, while traceroute is performed, can show as this for each hope on the route until it reaches the target IP. 

ftd64# capture icmp interface inside real-time match icmp any any

Warning: using this option with a slow console connection may
         result in an excessive amount of non-displayed packets
         due to performance limitations.

Use ctrl-c to terminate real-time capture


   1: 00:22:04.192800       10.0.0.1 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
   2: 00:22:04.194432       10.0.0.1 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
   3: 00:22:04.194447       10.0.0.1 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
   4: 00:22:04.194981       172.16.1.1 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
   5: 00:22:04.194997       172.16.1.1 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
   6: 00:22:04.201130       10.122.149.1 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
   7: 00:22:04.201146       10.122.149.1 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
   8: 00:22:04.201161       172.16.1.1 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
   9: 00:22:04.201375       10.0.114.197 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  10: 00:22:04.201420       10.0.254.225 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  11: 00:22:04.202336       10.122.149.1 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  12: 00:22:04.202519       10.0.127.113 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  13: 00:22:04.216022       10.0.127.113 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  14: 00:22:04.216038       10.0.127.113 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  15: 00:22:04.216038       10.0.114.197 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  16: 00:22:04.216053       10.0.114.197 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  17: 00:22:04.216297       172.18.127.245 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: 172.18.127.245 udp port 33452 unreachable
  18: 00:22:04.216312       10.0.254.225 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  19: 00:22:04.216327       10.0.254.225 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit

A more detailed output can be obtained on Lina CLI if you perform traceroute with "-I" and "-n" switches as listed.

[ On the Client PC ] 

# traceroute 10.18.127.245 -I -n 

Note: You may not observe any difference between traceroute with or without -I switch. The difference is noticeable in the packet captures. 


[ On FTD Lina CLI ] 

ftd64# capture icmp interface inside real-time match icmp any any

Warning: using this option with a slow console connection may
         result in an excessive amount of non-displayed packets
         due to performance limitations.

Use ctrl-c to terminate real-time capture


   1: 18:37:33.517307       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
   2: 18:37:33.517642       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
   3: 18:37:33.517658       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
   4: 18:37:33.517658       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
   5: 18:37:33.517673       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
   6: 18:37:33.517673       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
   7: 18:37:33.517673       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
   8: 18:37:33.517749       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
   9: 18:37:33.517749       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  10: 18:37:33.517764       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  11: 18:37:33.517764       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  12: 18:37:33.517826       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  13: 18:37:33.517826       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  14: 18:37:33.517826       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  15: 18:37:33.517932       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  16: 18:37:33.517932       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  17: 18:37:33.522464       10.0.0.1 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  18: 18:37:33.522510       10.0.0.1 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  19: 18:37:33.522510       10.0.0.1 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  20: 18:37:33.522632       172.16.1.1 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  21: 18:37:33.522647       172.16.1.1 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  22: 18:37:33.522647       172.16.1.1 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  23: 18:37:33.523852       10.0.114.197 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  24: 18:37:33.523929       10.0.114.197 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  25: 18:37:33.523944       10.0.114.197 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  26: 18:37:33.524066       10.0.127.113 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  27: 18:37:33.524127       10.0.254.225 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  28: 18:37:33.524127       10.0.127.113 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  29: 18:37:33.524142       10.0.127.113 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  30: 18:37:33.526767       10.122.149.1 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  31: 18:37:33.526843       10.122.149.1 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  32: 18:37:33.526843       10.122.149.1 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  33: 18:37:33.527652       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  34: 18:37:33.527697       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  35: 18:37:33.527713       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  36: 18:37:33.527728       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  37: 18:37:33.527987       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  38: 18:37:33.528033       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  39: 18:37:33.528048       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  40: 18:37:33.528048       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  41: 18:37:33.528064       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  42: 18:37:33.528064       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  43: 18:37:33.528079       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  44: 18:37:33.528094       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  45: 18:37:33.528094       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  46: 18:37:33.532870       10.0.254.225 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  47: 18:37:33.532885       10.0.254.225 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: time exceeded in-transit
  48: 18:37:33.533679       172.18.127.245 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: echo reply
  49: 18:37:33.533694       172.18.127.245 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: echo reply
  50: 18:37:33.533694       172.18.127.245 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: echo reply
  51: 18:37:33.533694       172.18.127.245 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: echo reply
  52: 18:37:33.533694       172.18.127.245 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: echo reply
  53: 18:37:33.533724       172.18.127.245 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: echo reply
  54: 18:37:33.533724       172.18.127.245 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: echo reply
  55: 18:37:33.533724       172.18.127.245 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: echo reply
  56: 18:37:33.533740       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  57: 18:37:33.533816       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  58: 18:37:33.533831       10.10.10.11 > 172.18.127.245 icmp: echo request
  59: 18:37:33.537066       172.18.127.245 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: echo reply
  60: 18:37:33.537081       172.18.127.245 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: echo reply
  61: 18:37:33.537081       172.18.127.245 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: echo reply
  62: 18:37:33.538500       172.18.127.245 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: echo reply
  63: 18:37:33.538500       172.18.127.245 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: echo reply
  64: 18:37:33.539217       172.18.127.245 > 10.10.10.11 icmp: echo reply
64 packets shown.
0 packets not shown due to performance limitations.

Tip: Cisco bug ID CSCvq79913. ICMP error packets are dropped for Null pdts_info. Make sure to use the prefilter for ICMP, preferably for the type 3 and 11 return traffic.

Related Information

Technical Support & Documentation - Cisco Systems